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| Rhinella yunga | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Jan 18 2014, 02:53 PM (1,430 Views) | |
| Taipan | Jan 18 2014, 02:53 PM Post #1 |
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Rhinella yunga ![]() Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Amphibia Order: Anura Family: Bufonidae Subgenus: Rhinella Species: Rhinella yunga Rhinella (Beaked Toads or Rio Viejo Toads) is a subgenus of Bufo (treated by some as a distinct genus) containing 71 species of true toads native to Neotropical Central and South America. Originally, all Rhinella species were included in the genus Bufo, then they were split into Chaunus and Rhamphophryne. Chaparro, Pramuk, and Gluesenkamp (2007) placed Chaunus and Rhamphophryne into the synonymy of Rhinella (see Herpetologica, 63: 211). Other authors (e.g., Pauly, Hillis, and Cannatella, 2004; see References) continue to include Rhinella as a subgroup with the genus Bufo. A New Toad from the 'Warm Valleys' of Peruvian Andes Jan. 17, 2014 — A new species of toad was discovered hiding in the leaf litter of the Peruvian Yungas. The word is used widely by the locals to describe ecoregion of montane rainforests, and translates as "warm valley" in English. The new species Rhinella yunga was baptized after its habitat preference. The study was published in the open access journal ZooKeys. Like many other toads of the family Bufonidae the new species Rhinella yunga has a cryptic body coloration resembling the decaying leaves in the forest floor ("dead-leaf pattern"), which is in combination with expanded cranial crests and bony protrusions cleverly securing perfect camouflage. The different colors and shapes within the same species group however make the traditional morphological methods of taxonomic research hard to use to identify the real species diversity within the family. Nevertheless, Rhinela yunga is distinct from all related species in absence of a tympanic membrane, a round membranous part of hearing organ being normally visible on both sides of a toad's head. "It appears that large number of still unnamed cryptic species remains hidden under some nominal species of the Rhinella margaritifera species group," explains Dr Jiří Moravec, National Museum Prague, Czech Republic. Among the other interesting characteristics of the true toads from the family Bufonidae are a typical warty, robust body and a pair of large poison parotoid glands on the back of their heads. The poison is excreted by the toads when stressed as a protective mechanism. Some toads, like the cane toad Rhinella marina, are more toxic than others. Male toads also possess a special organ, which after removing of testes becomes an active ovary and the toad, in effect, becomes female. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140117104033.htm Journal Reference: Jiri Moravec, Edgar Lehr, Juan Carlos Cusi, Jesus Cordova, Vaclav Gvozdik. A new species of the Rhinella margaritifera species group (Anura, Bufonidae) from the montane forest of the Selva Central, Peru. ZooKeys, 2014; 371: 35 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.371.6580 Abstract We describe a new species of the bufonid toad genus Rhinella from transition montane forest of the buffer zones of the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park and the Pui Pui Protected Forest (eastern slopes of Andes, Selva Central, Peru). The new species belongs to the Rhinella margaritifera species group (confirmed by mtDNA data) and differs from all its members by the absence of tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus. It is characterized by medium size (SVL 57.5–65.5 mm, n = 5), moderately developed cranial crests, absence of neural crest of vertebrae, absence of bone protrusion at angle of jaw, presence of lateral rows of enlarged tubercles, and absence of subgular vocal sac and vocal slits in males. In addition, based on the molecular phylogenetic analyses of selected Rhinella species we propose the monophylum containing R. chavin, R. festae, R. macrorhina, R. manu, R. nesiotes, R. rostrata, and R. yanachaga as a new species group under the name Rhinella festae species group. http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/6580/abstract/a-new-species-of-the-rhinella-margaritifera-species-group-anura-bufonidae-from-the-montane-forest |
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