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| Body fat percentages in various animals | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Feb 12 2016, 01:34 AM (9,834 Views) | |
| Spartan | Feb 12 2016, 01:34 AM Post #1 |
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Kleptoparasite
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I couldn't find a similar topic and I think this could be of interest for some. I'd like to make a list containing body fat percentages (and maybe things like muscle mass percentage, average stomach content or body composition in general) of various animal species. Especially when comparing animals, for example in the interspecific fight section, weight alone can sometimes be deceiving. I'd appreciate every contribution, particularly on larger animals. Mammalia (Mammals) Primates: Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla): roughly 20% (captive), 7-8% (male in prime), 46% muscle mass, 39.6% muscle mass5 http://carnivoraforum.com/single/?p=8696119&t=10152155 Body mass in lowland gorillas: a quantitative analysis: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10954620 Bonobos (Pan paniscus): 1.2 - 8.6% for females, 0.01% for males, 45.8% muscle5 http://johnhawks.net/weblog/reviews/bonobos/zihlman-bolter-bonobo-body-fat-2015.html Toque macaques (Macaca sinica) : 2.1% Arboreal adaptations of body fat in wild toque macaques (Macaca sinica) and the evolution of adiposity in primates Wolfgang P. J. Dittus: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.22351/abstract;jsessionid=450A42AEE0B723093C2C9AD06A18EE5C.f03t03 Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus): 15-20%, 16.9% in adults Functional Anatomy and Adaptation of Male Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) With Comparison to Male Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus): http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.21449/full Metabolic adaptation for low energy throughput in orangutans: http://www.pnas.org/content/107/32/14048.short Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): 4.4%*, 47.3% muscle mass5 Human (Homo sapiens): 13.5±4.2% in males and 20.9±4.6% in females (hunter-gatherer), 22.5±5.0% in males and 37.9±7.0% (western). Essential fat: 3-5% in males, 8-12% in females Hunter-Gatherer Energetics and Human Obesity:http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0040503 Muscle mass percentage of some primate species: Black howler (Alouatta caraya): 27.6%5 Three-striped night monkey (Aotus trivirgatus): 30.7%5 Spider monkeys (Ateles): 45.8%5 Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): 47.3%5 Gracile capuchin monkeys (Cebus): 45.8%5 Brown greater galago (Otolemur crassicaudatus): 38%5 Mohol bushbaby (Galago moholi): 33.4%5 Senegal bushbaby (Galago senegalensis): 36.7%5 Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla): 39.6%5 Eastern lesser bamboo lemur (Hapalemur griseus): 24.2%5 Red slender loris (Loris tardigradus): 27.8%5 Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta): 41.3%5, 11.6-18.5% bone, 10.2-20.6% skin10 Southern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina): 49.1%5, 14.1% bone, 11.1% skin10 Celebes crested macaque (Macaca nigra): 36.8%5, 15.4% skin9 Drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus): 44.2%5, 17.5% bone, 13.1% skin10 Gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus): 28.6%5 Coquerel's giant mouse lemur (Mirza coquereli): 25.5%5 Sunda slow loris (Nycticebus coucang): 25.8%5 Pygmy slow loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus): 26%5 Bonobo (Pan Paniscus): 45.8%5 Common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): 35%5 Potto (Perodicticus potto): 21.6%5 Philippine tarsier (Carlito syrichta): 21.7%5 Human (Homo sapiens): 56.5 - 65.1% in male athletes, 40% average male, 14% bone https://www.researchgate.net/publication/14747893_Muscle_mass_of_competitive_male_athletes http://i515.photobucket.com/albums/t359/Ursus_arctos_middendorffi/Body%20composition/Muledeerandelk.png Carnivora: Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus): 19% in females, 15% in males, 44% muscle mass Body growth in Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from Greenland:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb04854.x/abstract Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella): Females during parturition: 22%** Elephant seals (Mirounga): Females during parturition: 40%**, Males at beginning of breeding season: up to 50% http://www.ports.parks.ca.gov/pages/735/files/pre_seal_activ_adapt-cards.pdf Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina): 28% muscle mass13 Stoat (Mustela erminea): 1.53%*, 57.1% muscle mass9 Wolverine (Gulo gulo): 6.0%*, 56.3% muscle mass9 Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis): 14.6%* Raccoon (Procyon lotor): 16.8%*, 48.8% muscle mass9 American mink (Neovison vison): 6.1%*, 56.4% muscle mass9 Bobcat (Lynx rufus): 11.8%*, 58.5% muscle mass9 Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx): 56.5% muscle mass9 Crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophaga): 21-22%, 44% muscle mass Body size and composition of Crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus), with observations on tissue and organ size in Ross seals (Ommatophoca rossi): http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1976.tb02293.x/abstract Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossii): 21-22%Body size and composition of Crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus), with observations on tissue and organ size in Ross seals (Ommatophoca rossi): http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1976.tb02293.x/abstract African lion (Panthera leo): 13% on average, 3-21% range http://shaggygod.proboards.com/thread/1084/interesting-facts-big-cats?page=1 North American brown bear (Ursus arctos horribilis): Males: 22% in july, 28% in september, Females: 29.8% before hibernating, 15.1% after hibernating, 19-37% from spring to fall3 Schwartz et al. (2014) http://images.yuku.com.s3.amazonaws.com/image/pjpeg/f3c16016728fd0cf0005ea22eeebd82e8bf8a790.pjpg European badger (Meles meles): 15.9% (range: 10-20.5%)2 Jaguar (Panthera onca): 15% (captive individual)2 Tiger (Panthera tigris): 10% (captive individual)2 Wolf (Canis lupus), Alaska: Spring: Males: 13.7±4.4%, Females: 15.5±2.3%, Summer: Males: 4.0±1.5%, Females: 3.3±1.6%, Autumn: Males: 6.5±1.7%, Females: 8.1±1.9% Interestingly the weight didn't really change between Spring and Summer despite the decrease in fat mass. They lost ca. 5kg fat while gaining 5kg muscle mass. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263270237_Body_composition_of_free-ranging_wolves_Canis_lupus Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus): 30-40% https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearded_seal#Description Black bear (Ursus americanus): Females: 21-41%, males: 26-30% from spring to fall http://i515.photobucket.com/albums/t359/Ursus_arctos_middendorffi/Highfruitdietbearbodyfatpercentages.png Harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus): 37.9%4, 26% muscle mass13 Sea otter (Enhydra lutris): 1.8%4, 33% muscle mass13 Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii): 30-40%, 35% muscle mass13 http://mammothcrew.weebly.com/meet-the-animals.html Polar bear (Ursus maritimus): Pregnant females: 40%, females with offspring: 30.6%, Males: 30% (24-37%) Ecophysiological studies of body composition, body size and reproduction in polar bears: https://ecommons.usask.ca/bitstream/handle/10388/etd-10202004-235652/nq24050.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y California sea lion (Zalophus californianus): 37% muscle mass13 Hooded seal (Cystophora cristata): 28% muscle mass13 Ringed seal (Pusa hispida): 30% muscle mass13 Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica): 30% muscle mass13 Greyhound: 2-7% http://articles.extension.org/pages/32976/body-condition-scoring-your-dog http://www.greysave.org/about-the-breed.html Muscle mass percentage of some carnivoran species: Cat (probably Felis silvestris catus): 44.9% - 49.9%7, 11.9- 14.8% bone10 Dog (Canis familiaris): 42.6%-57.6%7, 14.1-15% bone, 4.4-6.5% skin10 Lion (Panthera leo): 58.8%7, 62% Davis, D. D. 1962. Allometric relationships in lions vs. domestic cats. Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates without cetaceans) Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) 0.8 - 4.2%8, 20-25% of its weight is gut content Pienaar et al., 1966 Elk (Alces alces): 6.5% for males (range: 1.4 - 15.9%), 11.5% for females (0.3 - 19.4%), 44% muscle mass, 11% bone Estimation of Body Composition in Moose Kris J. Hundertmark: https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/home/library/pdfs/wildlife/research_pdfs/1.42_97.pdf http://i515.photobucket.com/albums/t359/Ursus_arctos_middendorffi/Body%20composition/Muledeerandelk.png Caribou (Rangifer tarandus): Cows: 11-14%, bulls: 31% The Wolves of Denali by L. David Mech: https://books.google.de/books?id=-IZBwMrNWnMC&pg=PA136&lpg=PA136&dq=body+fat+percentage+wolves&source=bl&ots=JFZbqWdoHM&sig=omCKK8AInBSy4qG26OACmNRXU_A&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiz6rmh9PDKAhUI2SwKHQQxAJgQ6AEIJzAB#v=onepage&q=body%20fat%20percentage%20wolves&f=false Zebu (Bos primigenius indicus): 22.4±5.07% (range:8.4-31.4%) International Livestock Centre for Africa Bulletin: No. 30 by ILCA, Addis Ababa (Ethiopia): https://books.google.de/books?id=qhtTh-2WmjYC&pg=PA9&dq=%22body+fat+percentage%22+%22animals%22&hl=de&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22body%20fat%20percentage%22%20%22animals%22&f=false White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus): 10±5% (range: 2-18%), 25% in males in years with good precipitation Plant-animal subsistence ratios and macronutrient energy estimations in worldwide hunter-gatherer diets Loren Cordain: http://www.direct-ms.org/sites/default/files/E10965-Cordain.pdf White-Tailed Deer Buck Breeding Strategies: Role of Fat Reserves: http://www.sedsg.com/abstract.asp?id=1265 Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus): 47% muscle mass, 10% bone http://i515.photobucket.com/albums/t359/Ursus_arctos_middendorffi/Body%20composition/Muledeerandelk.png Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus): Pregnant, captive female: 6.1% The Fats of Life by Caroline M. Pond: https://books.google.de/books?id=Usto_MdMXYMC&pg=PA42&lpg=PA42&dq=%22the+organisation+of+adipose+tissue+in+some+large+zoo-bred%22&source=bl&ots=LL1z8kDg2H&sig=tNzEGch6F5EdOg_-c1XpCpBUoGM&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiB9dOaufPKAhVEMhoKHUAODMYQ6AEIJDAA#v=onepage&q=%22the%20organisation%20of%20adipose%20tissue%20in%20some%20large%20zoo-bred%22&f=false Waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus): 0.2 - 3.4%8 East African oryx (Oryx beisa): 1.2 - 7.4% 8 Lesser kudu (Tragelaphus imberbis): 0.6 - 3.8%8 Blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus): 0.8 - 6.4%8 Desert warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus): 0.3 - 1.5%8 Thomson's gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii): 0.5 - 4.7%8 Ugandan Kob (Kobus kob thomasi): 1.3 - 4.8%8 Impala (Aepyceros melampus): 0.5 - 4.7%8 Topis (Damaliscus lunatus jimela): 0.8 - 3.5%8 Yucatan swine (Sus scrofa domestica): 16.7±1.4% in males Noninvasive Measures of Body Fat Percentage in Male Yucatan Swine Carol A. Witczak http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/aalas/cm/2005/00000055/00000005/art00006?crawler=true Sable antelope (Hippotragus niger): 48% muscle mass9 Kirk's dik-dik (Madoqua kirkii): 45% muscle mass9 Muscle mass percentage of some Artiodactyla species: Pig: 40.7%7 Perissodactyls (odd-toed ungulates): Horse (Equus ferus caballus): 8-14% in lean horses, two captive individuals with 5.2% and 4.0% http://www.thehorse.com/articles/24740/determining-horses-body-weight-and-ideal-condition The Fats of Lifeby Caroline M. Pond: https://books.google.de/books?id=Usto_MdMXYMC&pg=PA42&lpg=PA42&dq=%22the+organisation+of+adipose+tissue+in+some+large+zoo-bred%22&source=bl&ots=LL1z8kDg2H&sig=tNzEGch6F5EdOg_-c1XpCpBUoGM&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiB9dOaufPKAhVEMhoKHUAODMYQ6AEIJDAA#v=onepage&q=%22the%20organisation%20of%20adipose%20tissue%20in%20some%20large%20zoo-bred%22&f=false Lagomorpha (hares, rabbits and pikas): Collared pika (Ochotona collaris): 5.8%*, 47.3% muscle mass9 Muscle mass percentage of some Lagomorpha species: Rabbit: 34.2% - 54.4%7 Black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus): 47.9% muscle mass, 12.3% bone, 7.5% skin10 Rodentia: Groundhog (Marmota monax): 35.8% (Alaska)*, 5.4% (Virginia)*, 37.2% muscle mass9 Hoary marmot (Marmota caligata): 17.5%*, 47% muscle mass9 Long-tailed ground squirrel (Urocitellus undulatus): 4.35%*, 53.8% muscle mass9 American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus): 1.97%*, 59.2% muscle mass9 North American beaver (Castor canadensis): 11.4%*, 49.5% muscle mass9 North American brown lemming (Lemmus trimucronatus): 1.86%*, 47.9% muscle mass9 Northern red-backed vole (Myodes rutilus): 2.9%*, 44.9% muscle mass9 Tundra vole (Microtus oeconomus): 2.08%*, 44.8% muscle mass9 Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus): 1.1% (Alaska)*, 7.35% (Virginia)*, 57.6% muscle mass9 North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum): 11%*, 41.2% muscle mass9 Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis): 2.2%*, 61.4% muscle mass9 White-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus): 3.41%*, 47.2% muscle mass9 Marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris): 12.8%*, 43.7% muscle mass9 Gapper's red-backed vole (Myodes gapperi): 0.8%*, 50.4% muscle mass9 Meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus): 3.76%*, 46.1% muscle mass9 Woodland vole (Microtus pinetorum): 2.36%*, 48.7% muscle mass9 House mouse (Mus musculus): 5.55%*, 44.5% muscle mass9 Lowland paca (Cuniculus paca): 12.55%*, 47.1% muscle mass9 Degu (Octodon degus): 20.86±3.97% What explains the trot–gallop transition in small mammals? José Iriarte-Díaz http://jeb.biologists.org/content/209/20/4061 Red-rumped agouti (Dasyprocta leporina): 12.32%*, 53.2% muscle mass9 Muscle mass percentage of some rodent species: Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus): 45.8%7 Mouse: 34.2 - 43.4%7 Shrew: 39.9%7 Rat: 41.8% - 45.5%7 Talpidae (moles): Common mole (Scalopus aquaticus): 2.8%*, 49% muscle mass9 Marsupials: Large American opposums (Didelphis spp.): 10.29%*, 46.5% muscle mass9 Common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis): 8.0%*, 48.3% muscle mass9 Bare-tailed woolly opossum (Caluromys philander): 32.6% muscle mass9 Matschie's tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei): 34% muscle mass9 Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus): 50% muscle mass9 Red kangaroo (Macropus rufus): 47% muscle mass9 Linnaeus's mouse opossum (Marmosa murina): 29.1% muscle mass 9 Brown four-eyed opossum (Metachirus nudicaudatus): 45.8% muscle mass9 Northern red-sided opossum (Monodelphis brevicaudata): 39.7% muscle mass9 Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): 30.4% muscle mass9 Gray four-eyed opossum (Philander opossum): 38.8% muscle mass9 Long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus): 44% muscle mass9 Common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus): 32% muscle mass9 Chiroptera (bats): Mexican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis): 9.13%*, 44.5% muscle mass9 Great fruit-eating bat (Artibeus lituratus): 9.56%*, 45.6% muscle mass9 Pallas's long-tongued bat (Glossophaga soricina): 3.57%*, 53.5% Pale spear-nosed bat (Phyllostomus discolor): 6.6%*, 48% muscle mass9 Greater spear-nosed bat (Phyllostomus hastatus): 5.8%*, 50.1% muscle mass9 Little yellow-shouldered bat (Sturnira lilium): 7.4%*, 41.1% muscle mass9 White-lined broad-nosed bat (Platyrrhinus lineatus): 7%*, 48.1% muscle mass9 Big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus): 41.6% muscle mass9 Molossus major: 49.8% muscle mass9 Xenarthra (sloths, armadillos and anteaters): Six-banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus): 9.66%*, 35.1% muscle mass9 Brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus): 23.6% muscle mass9 Hoffmann's two-toed sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni): 26.8% muscle mass9 Cetacea (whales and dolphins): Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus):21-35%, 39-46.3% muscle mass, 35%*, 21% for a 122t 27m individual (46,3% muscle mass), 15-18% skeleton, 27% blubber, 39% muscle14 https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walfang#Gejagte_Wale Size, Function, and Life History by William A. Calder: http://fs5.directupload.net/images/160614/oxmlxfge.jpg Sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis): 18%, 12% bone14, 58% muscle mass13 Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus): 24%, 17% bone14, 45% muscle mass13 Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera brydei): 23%, 15% bone14, 46% muscle mass13 Minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata): 15%, 14% bone14, 62% muscle mass13 Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas): 40-50% https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beluga_whale#Size Right whales (Eubalaena): 40% https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_whale#Description Pacific right whale (Eubalaena glacialis siboldi): 43%, 13% bone14, 31% muscle mass13 Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops): 18-20%, 36% muscle mass13 https://seaworld.org/en/animal-info/animal-infobooks/bottlenose-dolphins/adaptations Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena): 37% in calves, lower in adults HABITAT PREFERENCES OF SYMPATRIC COASTAL CETACEANS AT CONTRASTING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALES: HABITAT PARTITIONING OF BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS ( TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS ), HARBOUR PORPOISES ( PHOCOENA PHOCOENA ), AND MINKE WHALES ( BALAENOPTERA ACUTOROSTRATA ) IN THE OUTER SOUTHERN MORAY FIRTH, NORTH-EAST SCOTLAND Thomas S Bean http://www.crru.org.uk/cust_images/pdfs/bean_thesis.pdf Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus): 25 - 33%, 10% bone14, 34% muscle mass13 http://www.whalemuseum.is/whaling-in-iceland/history-of-whaling/ http://www.schmidt-fluke.de/biologie.html La Plata dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei): 24.30 ± 1.87% Body Fat Condition in Franciscanas (Pontoporia blainvillei) in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil Glauco Caon http://jmammal.oxfordjournals.org/content/88/5/1335 Narwhal (Monodon monoceros): 33% http://usa.oceana.org/blog/marine-monday-narwhal Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae): 30%, 30% muscle mass13 Toxicology of Marine Mammals published by Joseph G. Vos https://books.google.de/books?id=ToMuyu-t_oYC&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=%22of+their+body+weight+is+blubber%22&source=bl&ots=Av2h2t2ROo&sig=bI0lfv_paswxcM8ejOhP88GYMX0&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjWgvDJlPjKAhWiQZoKHcr7AXgQ6AEILzAC#v=onepage&q=%22of%20their%20body%20weight%20is%20blubber%22&f=false Fraser's dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei): 56-59% muscle mass15 Spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris): 52% muscle mass15 Pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata): 44% muscle mass (in immature individuals)15 Sirenia (sea cows): West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus): 40% muscle mass13 Proboscidea (only elephants extant): Muscle mass percentage of some Proboscidea species: African elephant (Loxodonta africana): Males: at least 39.1%7, weight of gastrointestinal tract content: 10-17%, 27% skeleton https://www.researchgate.net/c/o2gjmc/javascript/lib/pdfjs/web/viewer.html?file=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FMarcus_Clauss2%2Fpublication%2F227147241_Testing_predictions_on_body_mass_and_gut_contents_dissection_of_an_African_elephant_Loxodonta_Africana_Blumenbach_1797%2Flinks%2F553085540cf27acb0de86f62.pdf%3FinViewer%3D1%26pdfJsDownload%3D1%26origin%3Dpublication_detail#lCR13 Size, Function, and Life History by William A. Calder: http://fs5.directupload.net/images/160614/oxmlxfge.jpg Scandentia (Treeshrews): Common treeshrew (Tupaia glis): 32.9% muscle mass9 Osteichthyes (bony fish without tetrapods): Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis): 68% muscle mass Size, Function, and Life History by William A. Calder http://i277.photobucket.com/albums/kk45/brentlion_2008/brentonlion/books-90.png Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): 55-67% muscle mass Size, Function, and Life History by William A. Calder http://i277.photobucket.com/albums/kk45/brentlion_2008/brentonlion/books-90.png Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) Selachii (sharks): Great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias): Fatty liver weighs 15-25% of bodyweight, up to 35% http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/white_shark/digestion.htm Sauropsida Aves (birds): European herring gull (Larus argentatus): 7-9%*** Great skua (Stercorarius skua): 0-7%*** Northern gannet (Morus bassanus): 6-7%*** Northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis): 2-15%*** Ruby-throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris): 21%, 42% when migrating Adipose energy stores, physical work, and the metabolic syndrome: lessons from hummingbirds James L Hargrove http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1325055/ Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo vulpinus): 4% (when migrating)1 Pacific golden plover (Pluvialis fulva): 32% (when migrating)1 American kestrel (Falco sparverius): 6-9% (when migrating)1 Sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter striatus): 4-7% in fall, 5-10% in spring1 Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperii): 3 - 9.5% in fall, 4-10.6% in spring1 Merlin (Falco columbarius): 14-18% (when migrating)1 Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula): 25% muscle mass13 Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla): 21% muscle mass13 Cassin's auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus): 26% muscle mass13 Ancient murrelet (Synthliboramphus antiquus): 25% muscle mass13 Rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata): 27% muscle mass13 Thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia): 29% muscle mass13 King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus): 33% muscle mass pre-breeding, 37% pre-molt13 Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri): 38% muscle mass13 Serpentes (snakes): Diamondback water snake (Nerodia rhombifer): 12.4±0.9% (range: 6.8 - 22.4%) Non-invasive measure of body composition of snakes using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry Stephen M. Secor , Tim R. Nagy: http://bama.ua.edu/~ssecor/journalarticles/journalarticle32.pdf Aesculapian snake (Zamenis longissimus): <4%, 53.8% muscle mass Reproductive ecology, body fat reserves and foraging mode in females of two contrasted snake species: Vipera aspis (terrestrial, viviparous) and Elaphe longissima (semi-arboreal, oviparous) by Guy Naulleau and Xavier Bonnet http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/156853895x00172?trendmd-shared=0 Asp viper (Viper aspis): Up to 10%, 16.62% in an extremely big female of 81cm length, 39.6% muscle mass Reproductive ecology, body fat reserves and foraging mode in females of two contrasted snake species: Vipera aspis (terrestrial, viviparous) and Elaphe longissima (semi-arboreal, oviparous) http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/156853895x00172?trendmd-shared=0 Pythons (Pythoninae): 1,86 ± 2,70% (0 - 9.08%), 13% internal organs, 20,5% ± 4,8 skin12 Boas (Boinae): 4,54 ± 4,52% (0 - 12.33%) 13% internal organs, 17,4% ± 2,5 skin12 Colubrinae: 3,69 ± 3,77% (0 - 14.48%), 13% internal organs, 18,4% ± 3,0 skin12 Lacertilia (lizards): Gray's monitor (Varanus olivaceus): 5-12% (lowest from june-august, highest in october), stomach content only accounts for 2% of body weight A little book of monitor lizards by Daniel Bennett: http://library.mampam.com/LBML-blackandwhiteversion.pdf Bengal monitor (Varanus bengalensis): 13.7%6 Perentie (Varanus giganteus): 10%6 Rosenberg's monitor (Varanus rosenbergi): 7.6%6 Yellow monitor (Varanus flavescens): 15%+ during winter, highest mean body fat of all monitor lizards http://www.academia.edu/6776668/Varanoid_Lizards_of_the_World Crocodilia: Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus): 6.9±1.08% in juveniles (1.3m long, 33months old), 34.3±1.12% muscle in juveniles, individuals are from a commercial farm, so fat is probably lower in wild animals https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230240513_Carcass_and_meat_characteristics_of_the_Nile_crocodile_Crocodylus_niloticus Black caiman (Melanosuchus niger): 1.09%16 Broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris): 4.39%16 Yacare caiman (Caiman yacare): 2.98%16 American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis): 1.22%16 cursive=exact species unknown *Body Composition in Animals and Man by W. N. Garrett: https://books.google.de/books?id=SV8rAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA170&lpg=PA170&dq=Body+Composition+in+Animals+and+Man&source=bl&ots=we4HdsU9Pg&sig=l74nU9-g7uRFGe-yoYJHSQfRPhw&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDhqCMk-7KAhVBCpoKHTTbDjEQ6AEIIDAA#v=onepage&q=Body%20Composition%20in%20Animals%20and%20Man&f=false **Marine Mammals: Evolutionary Biology by Annalisa Berta,James L. Sumich,Kit M. Kovacs: https://books.google.de/books?id=zcycBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA509&lpg=PA509&dq=body+fat+percentage+of+elephants&source=bl&ots=XAb4COrMzb&sig=VAnrdprpI-UekcvTxhZ4Z0K3II8&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiV8qPllfDKAhXkAJoKHa0JA8w4FBDoAQgnMAE#v=onepage&q=body%20fat%20percentage%20of%20elephants&f=false ***THE BODY FATS OF SOME SEA-BIRDS BY JOHN ARNOLD LOVERN: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1264308/pdf/biochemj01030-0080.pdf 1FAT STORES OF MIGRANT SHARP-SHINNED AND COOPER'S HAWKS IN NEW MEXICO JOHN P. DELON: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235772556_Fat_stores_of_migrant_Sharp-shinned_and_Cooper's_Hawks_in_New_Mexico 2 http://i515.photobucket.com/albums/t359/Ursus_arctos_middendorffi/Body%20fat%20info/Bodyfat.png 3 http://i515.photobucket.com/albums/t359/Ursus_arctos_middendorffi/Highfruitdietbearbodyfatpercentages.png 4CRC Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine: Health, Disease, and Rehabilitation ... published by Leslie Dierauf,Frances M.D. Gulland https://books.google.de/books?id=FIIgDk9i_GkC&pg=PA964&lpg=PA964&dq=sea+otter+body+fat&source=bl&ots=ayeTVhk9xS&sig=dcTINkN1kz0eZlMHPZTptWyHLFs&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjDuI3orfXKAhXiYpoKHRqKClcQ6AEIOTAG#v=onepage&q=sea%20otter%20body%20fat&f=false 5 http://i515.photobucket.com/albums/t359/Ursus_arctos_middendorffi/Primates.png 6Goannas: The Biology of Varanid Lizards By Dennis King, Brian Green https://books.google.de/books?id=TmcSxE3JSIwC&pg=PA86&dq=body+fat+in+varanids&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=body%20fat%20in%20varanids&f=false 7Mammalian Protein Metabolism, Band 3 published by H. N. Munro https://books.google.de/books?id=FDHLBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=Davis,+1962+%22lion%22+%22muscle+mass%22&source=bl&ots=bkgoVJT2lx&sig=q5ltV7t3zzofn0gKXAskajksrt8&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjrxq7A7ffKAhUiM5oKHavSDsEQ6AEIIzAA#v=onepage&q=Davis%2C%201962%20%22lion%22%20%22muscle%20mass%22&f=false 8APPRAISAL OF CONDITION ESTIMATION METHODS FOR EAST AFRICAN UNGULATES, Smith (1970) 9 http://i515.photobucket.com/albums/t359/Ursus_arctos_middendorffi/Body%20composition/nonprimates_zpsbe8470ab.png 10 http://i515.photobucket.com/albums/t359/Ursus_arctos_middendorffi/Body%20composition/Bodycomposition.png 11 / 12Untersuchungen zur Körperzusammensetzung von Schlangen https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6587/1/Eberle_Annita.pdf page 66 13Diving Physiology of Marine Mammals and Seabirds by Paul J. Ponganis: https://books.google.de/books?id=vMzZCgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q=sperm%20whale&f=false 14C. Lockyer, Body weight of some species of large whales: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240590693_Body_weight_of_some_species_of_large_whales 15MYOGLOBIN IN PELAGIC SMALL CETACEANS: http://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/202/3/227.full.pdf 16Carcass yield and proximate composition of black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) meat: http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/IJFA/article-full-text/4AA43F752325 Edited by Spartan, Jun 3 2017, 05:42 AM.
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| Gyirin | Feb 12 2016, 01:41 AM Post #2 |
Omnivore
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Canada lynx is the highest in cats listed here. Is it because they live in cold environment? Is Eurasian lynx similar? |
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| Spartan | Feb 12 2016, 02:07 AM Post #3 |
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Kleptoparasite
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I sadly don't have data on Lynx lynx, but I'd assume so. The canadian lynx' body fat increases significantly between early and late winter when hares are abundant: http://rcin.org.pl/Content/12343/BI002_2613_Cz-40-2_Acta-T40-nr16-181-196_o.pdf Note that Groundhogs in Alaska are considerably fatter than in Virginia (for some reason Muskrats are fatter in virginia than in alaska, though). |
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| Wombatman | Feb 12 2016, 02:11 AM Post #4 |
Herbivore
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Wow. Captive gorilla is fatter than a walrus. And bonobo practically lacks fat? Arent humans around 6-10% or am I misinformed |
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| Spartan | Feb 12 2016, 02:29 AM Post #5 |
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Kleptoparasite
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I chose to not include humans for the time since it depends so much on the population. Western males should be around 22% percent on average while hunter-gatherer males are around 13%. 6-10% would be very lean and even most bodybuilders only have such low body fat during competitions since it's not very comfortable for male humans to be under 10% body fat. Women usually have higher body fat than males. I added two seal species and the GWS. |
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| Thalassophoneus | Feb 12 2016, 02:53 AM Post #6 |
Pelagic Killer
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Belugas have around 40%-50% fat. That might be even higher than a right whale's fat percentage (around 40%). .... I really wouldn't expect a rorqual to have more than 25% fat. They are quite deceptive. |
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| Spartan | Feb 12 2016, 03:39 AM Post #7 |
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Kleptoparasite
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I added the beluga. Do you have a source for the right whale? I imagine due to the whaling era there must be a lot of data on whales, but I'm too incompetent to find it at the moment. Edit: Will add some birds later. Edited by Spartan, Feb 12 2016, 03:45 AM.
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| Thalassophoneus | Feb 12 2016, 03:58 AM Post #8 |
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Pelagic Killer
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What else would my source be? https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_whale Description. |
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| Warsaw2014 | Feb 12 2016, 04:29 AM Post #9 |
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Herbivore
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Panthera leo "...More specific body composition techniques exist and can further validate BCS scales in exotic animals, however these techniques are challenging or expensive to apply. Beyond the data reported above, body composition has not been assessed in lions, however it has been estimated from total body water from 14 wild lions in 2 studies (Clarke & Berry, 1992; Green et al., 1984). Average total body water was 64% and did not differ between males and females or immature vs. mature lions (P>0.05). This corresponds to an average fat mass of 13% bodyweight (range 3 to 21%)..." http://shaggygod.proboards.com/thread/1084/interesting-facts-big-cats?page=1 |
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| Spartan | Feb 12 2016, 04:44 AM Post #10 |
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Kleptoparasite
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Thanks! So the 5% on average figure from this "source" is outdated? http://en.allexperts.com/q/Interspecies-Conflict-3754/2009/10/Lion-Tiger-Body-fat.htm |
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| Warsaw2014 | Feb 12 2016, 05:18 AM Post #11 |
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Herbivore
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Your source seems enigmatically "Answer YEs i got it from a book, its an old book i have at the office, and its in portuguese." Looks like BS to me. And your expert........... John Silva Top Expert on this page Expertise Im a BIG CAT/CAT expert. If you have any questions about any Feline, your place is here. I would like to answer only about conflicts with Felines. Other questions are welcome but not my specialty. Predators in general are well known. Experience I know nearly all about predators such as siberian tigers, lions, wolves,... and other animals like giraffes, hippos, buffalos,... But what i really can go VERY DEEP into are the big cats. Education/Credentials Puc-Rio University, Big Cat Fan and Researcher. No comments. |
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| Spartan | Feb 12 2016, 05:35 AM Post #12 |
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Kleptoparasite
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I added the lion. Anyone got data on bears? |
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| Canadianwildlife | Feb 12 2016, 06:49 AM Post #13 |
Apex Predator
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I wonder what the fat percentage is on say a golden eagle or some other raptor? Just popped into my mind. And what about reptiles. Snakes come to mind. Those would all be interesting finds. |
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| Spartan | Feb 12 2016, 07:26 AM Post #14 |
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Kleptoparasite
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I added some birds of prey. Does anyone know how to calculate body fat in elephants based on the Body condition scoring? Edit: added horse, zebu and some whales Edited by Spartan, Feb 13 2016, 09:46 AM.
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| Spartan | Feb 13 2016, 12:22 PM Post #15 |
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Kleptoparasite
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Added a few ungulates and a monitor lizard. |
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2:32 AM Jun 23
