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| Spinosaurus aegyptiacus v Tyrannosaurus rex | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM (459,372 Views) | |
| Wolf Eagle | Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM Post #1 |
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M E G A P H Y S E T E R
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Tyrannosaurus rex Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex (rex meaning "king" in Latin), commonly abbreviated to T. rex, is a fixture in popular culture. It lived throughout what is now western North America, with a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, 67 to 65.5 million years ago.[1] It was among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Like other tyrannosaurids, Tyrannosaurus was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced by a long, heavy tail. Relative to the large and powerful hindlimbs, Tyrannosaurus forelimbs were small, though unusually powerful for their size, and bore two clawed digits. Although other theropods rivaled or exceeded Tyrannosaurus rex in size, it was the largest known tyrannosaurid and one of the largest known land predators. By far the largest carnivore in its environment, Tyrannosaurus rex may have been an apex predator, preying upon hadrosaurs and ceratopsians, although some experts have suggested it was primarily a scavenger. The debate over Tyrannosaurus as apex predator or scavenger is among the longest running in paleontology. Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest land carnivores of all time; the largest complete specimen, FMNH PR2081 ("Sue"), measured 12.8 metres (42 ft) long, and was 4.0 metres (13.1 ft) tall at the hips. Mass estimates have varied widely over the years, from more than 7.2 metric tons (7.9 short tons), to less than 4.5 metric tons (5.0 short tons), with most modern estimates ranging between 5.4 and 6.8 metric tons (6.0 and 7.5 short tons). Packard et al. (2009) tested dinosaur mass estimation procedures on elephants and concluded that dinosaur estimations are flawed and produce over-estimations; thus, the weight of Tyrannosaurus could be much less than usually estimated. Other estimations have concluded that the largest known Tyrannosaurus specimens had a weight exceeding 9 tonnes. ![]() Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Spinosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived in what is now North Africa, from the lower Albian to lower Cenomanian stages of the Cretaceous period, about 112 to 97 million years ago. Spinosaurus may be the largest of all known carnivorous dinosaurs, even larger than Tyrannosaurus and Giganotosaurus. Estimates published in 2005 and 2007 suggest that it was 12.6 to 18 metres (41 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 20.9 tonnes (7.7 to 23.0 short tons) in weight. The skull of Spinosaurus was long and narrow like that of a modern crocodilian. Spinosaurus is thought to have eaten fish; evidence suggests that it lived both on land and in water like a modern crocodilian. The distinctive spines of Spinosaurus, which were long extensions of the vertebrae, grew to at least 1.65 meters (5.4 ft) long and were likely to have had skin connecting them, forming a sail-like structure, although some authors have suggested that the spines were covered in fat and formed a hump. Multiple functions have been put forward for this structure, including thermoregulation and display. Dal Sasso et al. (2005) assumed that Spinosaurus and Suchomimus had the same body proportions in relation to their skull lengths, and thereby calculated that Spinosaurus was 16 to 18 meters (52 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 9 tonnes (7.7 to 9.9 short tons) in weight. The Dal Sasso et al. estimates were criticized because the skull length estimate was uncertain, and (assuming that body mass increases as the cube of body length) scaling Suchomimus which was 11 meters (36 ft) long and 3.8 tonnes (4.2 short tons) in mass to the range of estimated lengths of Spinosaurus would produce an estimated body mass of 11.7 to 16.7 tonnes (12.9 to 18.4 short tons).
Edited by Taipan, Apr 24 2015, 10:10 PM.
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| Grey | Aug 10 2012, 01:11 AM Post #136 |
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Kleptoparasite
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Thanks PC, But has Hartman some explanation about this update ? Which is the newest, the strong-necked or the more gracilish ? As we know currently, Spinosaurus was really up to ~18 m or not ? Edited by Grey, Aug 10 2012, 01:13 AM.
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| SpinoInWonderland | Aug 10 2012, 01:15 AM Post #137 |
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The madness has come back...
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Just wait for my completely unbiased "Largest Theropods Size Comparison", and it will be way better than Prehistoric Cat's size comparisons combined!!! I'll be using Scott Hartman's skeletals, so it will be accurate... |
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| Carcharadon | Aug 10 2012, 01:31 AM Post #138 |
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Shark Toothed Reptile
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Lol, it will be inaccurate because your gonna make T.rex the smallest in the comparison when he's the 5th largest |
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| SpinoInWonderland | Aug 10 2012, 01:33 AM Post #139 |
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The madness has come back...
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nah, I'm gonna make it the size it's supposed to be(12.1 meters long) |
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| Carcharadon | Aug 10 2012, 01:34 AM Post #140 |
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Shark Toothed Reptile
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Its 12.8 m actually |
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| theropod | Aug 10 2012, 01:40 AM Post #141 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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Broley, you really have too much self convidence! @grey: Dal Sasso stated 16-18m, and I think he estimated the skull as being 1,75m long. The skeletal in his paper was really small-headed compared to Scott Hartmanns, and I guess the lower size estimates were clearly basing on a hypothetical smaller skull. This is what Theropod database states about Spinosaurus: (IPHG 1912 VIII 19, destroyed) (~14 m, ~6.7 tons, subadult) (skull ~1.45 m) If it was 14m long, the 2m skull would belong to an individual more than 19m long. Dal Sassos specimen was said to be: (MSNM V4047) (~17 m, ~8 tons) (skull ~1.75 m) premaxillae, partial maxillae, partial nasals This perfectly fits together, and now let´s see how it can be based Suchomimus MNN GDF500 is estimated at 11.0 m and 2.9-4.8 tons, but it seemingly has no skull referred to it. Baryonyx walkeri BMNH R9951 is said to be 9.1 m and 1.7-2.7 tons and it includes a partial skull measuring 915 mm Using that ratio the 17,5m skull belongs to a 17,4m Spinosaurus, the 2m skull to a nearly 20m long one Seems pretty conclusive, as everything indicating a smaller size only bases in a hypotetically larger head compared to the body. 16.18m is a rough figure which then probably includes a possibly slightly larger or smaller skull compared to body size. Edited by theropod, Aug 13 2012, 10:39 PM.
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| theropod | Aug 10 2012, 01:43 AM Post #142 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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No, it´s either 12,3 or 12,4, but that is not what the animal will be when alive, it´s the lenght without natural curvature of the spine, as the skull is too large when scaling a skeletal to that size. just scale it to the skull or femur lenght, that´ll prevent the comparison from being affected by T rex hatred. If you use Saurophaganax, keep in mind that it might have different proportions (possibly shorter arms) from Allosaurus fragilis, due to it´s size. |
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| theropod | Aug 10 2012, 01:52 AM Post #143 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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Another ratio is that of Irritator. palaeocritti states a total lenght of 7-8m, in the teropod database no TL is given, but a skull lenght of 840 mm. Baryonyx is 9,9 times it´s skull lenght, Irritator would be 8,3 or 9,5 respectively. let´s take the ratio closer to Baryonyx, we get 16,6 and 19m respectively for a skull measuring 1,75 or 2m. It doesn´t seem like Spinosaurus was less than 16,5m long in any case, and certainly not only 15m Edited by theropod, Aug 10 2012, 01:53 AM.
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| Megafelis Fatalis | Aug 10 2012, 02:01 AM Post #144 |
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Carnivore
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Maybe this will help you : Skeletal Drawing: Revisting the Fisher King Deviant-Art: Fisher King revisited |
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| Black Ice | Aug 10 2012, 02:05 AM Post #145 |
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Drom King
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5th? I thought rex was the forth largest Spino Charcharo Giga T rex Isnt that the order? |
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| Megafelis Fatalis | Aug 10 2012, 02:06 AM Post #146 |
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Carnivore
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No, Giga was bigger than T.rex and Carcha |
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| Black Ice | Aug 10 2012, 02:07 AM Post #147 |
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Drom King
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No charcharo was bigger than giga Giga only has a larger skull |
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| SpinoInWonderland | Aug 10 2012, 02:28 AM Post #148 |
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The madness has come back...
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I need to go now, the size comparison will come sooner or later guys... |
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| Carcharadon | Aug 10 2012, 02:41 AM Post #149 |
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Shark Toothed Reptile
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Actually it goes this: 1. Spinosaurus 2. Oxalaia 3. Carcharodontosaurus 4. Giganotosaurus 5. Tyrannosaurus You forgot oxalaia, which was basically just a minature South American Spinosaurus. |
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| Black Ice | Aug 10 2012, 02:42 AM Post #150 |
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Drom King
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Ohhhh ok thanks! |
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