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| Spinosaurus aegyptiacus v Tyrannosaurus rex | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM (459,267 Views) | |
| Wolf Eagle | Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM Post #1 |
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M E G A P H Y S E T E R
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Tyrannosaurus rex Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex (rex meaning "king" in Latin), commonly abbreviated to T. rex, is a fixture in popular culture. It lived throughout what is now western North America, with a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, 67 to 65.5 million years ago.[1] It was among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Like other tyrannosaurids, Tyrannosaurus was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced by a long, heavy tail. Relative to the large and powerful hindlimbs, Tyrannosaurus forelimbs were small, though unusually powerful for their size, and bore two clawed digits. Although other theropods rivaled or exceeded Tyrannosaurus rex in size, it was the largest known tyrannosaurid and one of the largest known land predators. By far the largest carnivore in its environment, Tyrannosaurus rex may have been an apex predator, preying upon hadrosaurs and ceratopsians, although some experts have suggested it was primarily a scavenger. The debate over Tyrannosaurus as apex predator or scavenger is among the longest running in paleontology. Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest land carnivores of all time; the largest complete specimen, FMNH PR2081 ("Sue"), measured 12.8 metres (42 ft) long, and was 4.0 metres (13.1 ft) tall at the hips. Mass estimates have varied widely over the years, from more than 7.2 metric tons (7.9 short tons), to less than 4.5 metric tons (5.0 short tons), with most modern estimates ranging between 5.4 and 6.8 metric tons (6.0 and 7.5 short tons). Packard et al. (2009) tested dinosaur mass estimation procedures on elephants and concluded that dinosaur estimations are flawed and produce over-estimations; thus, the weight of Tyrannosaurus could be much less than usually estimated. Other estimations have concluded that the largest known Tyrannosaurus specimens had a weight exceeding 9 tonnes. ![]() Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Spinosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived in what is now North Africa, from the lower Albian to lower Cenomanian stages of the Cretaceous period, about 112 to 97 million years ago. Spinosaurus may be the largest of all known carnivorous dinosaurs, even larger than Tyrannosaurus and Giganotosaurus. Estimates published in 2005 and 2007 suggest that it was 12.6 to 18 metres (41 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 20.9 tonnes (7.7 to 23.0 short tons) in weight. The skull of Spinosaurus was long and narrow like that of a modern crocodilian. Spinosaurus is thought to have eaten fish; evidence suggests that it lived both on land and in water like a modern crocodilian. The distinctive spines of Spinosaurus, which were long extensions of the vertebrae, grew to at least 1.65 meters (5.4 ft) long and were likely to have had skin connecting them, forming a sail-like structure, although some authors have suggested that the spines were covered in fat and formed a hump. Multiple functions have been put forward for this structure, including thermoregulation and display. Dal Sasso et al. (2005) assumed that Spinosaurus and Suchomimus had the same body proportions in relation to their skull lengths, and thereby calculated that Spinosaurus was 16 to 18 meters (52 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 9 tonnes (7.7 to 9.9 short tons) in weight. The Dal Sasso et al. estimates were criticized because the skull length estimate was uncertain, and (assuming that body mass increases as the cube of body length) scaling Suchomimus which was 11 meters (36 ft) long and 3.8 tonnes (4.2 short tons) in mass to the range of estimated lengths of Spinosaurus would produce an estimated body mass of 11.7 to 16.7 tonnes (12.9 to 18.4 short tons).
Edited by Taipan, Apr 24 2015, 10:10 PM.
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| MysteryMeat | Jan 27 2013, 05:42 PM Post #1711 |
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Herbivore
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But it's so anthropomorphic it's like watching a comedy starring dinosaurs. |
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| SpinoInWonderland | Jan 27 2013, 05:45 PM Post #1712 |
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The madness has come back...
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It was obviously made like that to show the message that dinosaurs were more intelligent than generally believed...and also it was a dinosaur story converted into a documentary... |
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| Grey | Jan 27 2013, 05:55 PM Post #1713 |
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Kleptoparasite
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By who ? Oh yes, us. Don't take these numbers too seriously. Yet, Spinosaurus bite had not to be underestimated, but tyrannosaurids and carcharodontosaurids could already survive to the bites of their own kind. Edited by Grey, Jan 27 2013, 05:56 PM.
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| Maelstrom | Jan 27 2013, 06:00 PM Post #1714 |
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Autotrophic Organism
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Those bite force estimates were only linearly scaled be members of this forum. Spino's bite force hasn't been tested professionally; only assumptions from skull structure - which are not exactly very reliable anyway. I would say 2 tonnes is feasible but 3 tonnes is too much. |
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| MightyMaus | Jan 27 2013, 06:04 PM Post #1715 |
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Autotrophic Organism
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![]() Just thought this pic of MSNM V4047 looked especially impressive! For some reason it looks larger than 1 meter to me? Imagine the whole skull! Edited by MightyMaus, Jan 27 2013, 06:05 PM.
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| Maelstrom | Jan 27 2013, 06:06 PM Post #1716 |
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Autotrophic Organism
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Member, Fragillimus, estimated the living skull at 1.94 - 2 m rather than 1.75 m. Not sure of the accuracy of his claims but he seemed to have a good argument. |
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| Grey | Jan 27 2013, 06:27 PM Post #1717 |
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Kleptoparasite
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Honestly, I'm no tyrannosaur fanboy and I love Spino but I think this is way more striking to the mind. ![]() It hurts me to write that but Spino's snout looks ridiculous here... Edited by Grey, Jan 27 2013, 06:33 PM.
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| SpinoInWonderland | Jan 27 2013, 06:37 PM Post #1718 |
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The madness has come back...
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He was only trying to give us an idea of how large Spinosaurus skull could have been, not to compare it to that of Tyrannosaurus... |
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| Verdugo | Jan 27 2013, 06:37 PM Post #1719 |
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Large Carnivores Enthusiast
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First, that is not Cau opinion. Do you seriously think that an ACTUAL SCIENTIST would make up things base on nothing like you did ?. The hypothetical (since MSNM size has never been found) size of MSNM dentary is base on scaling up 20% from the holotype, which means when you scale up the dentary by 20% from the holotype, it is still only as long as that of Sue, but still shallower and dimensionally smaller. This what Andrea Cau CLAIMS
![]() ^ Don't you see he had references for his claims ? "That's the fact" ??. Do you have any scientists or scientific proofs to back that ?. Do you have any measurements to claim that MSNM dentary is THAT MUCH longer and deeper than Sue ? Do you have any scientists to back your skull reconstruction as the MOST ACCURATE so far ? . What makes you think that your own Spinosaurus skull is better than this one ![]() As long as you don't have any measurements or scientists to back yourself up that MSNM dentary is THAT MUCH longer and deeper than that of Sue. I wouldn't take it seriously And Spinosaurus is only 14m. Cau has DEBUNKED it. If you don't know what "debunk" means, go search google for it, i wouldn't waste my times explaining that |
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| SpinoInWonderland | Jan 27 2013, 06:40 PM Post #1720 |
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The madness has come back...
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Oh no, not the bias all over again. Just because he thinks he's debunked it, doesn't mean that he actually did.... Proportions of relatives still suggest the 16-18 meter estimates... |
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| Grey | Jan 27 2013, 06:45 PM Post #1721 |
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Kleptoparasite
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Cau seems quite related to Dal Sasso and his current works on Spino, I wouldn't reject his rigorous approach...just like the initial estimates of 16-17 m. The problem once again is that I feel a great lack of true objectivity in this thread. Personnally, I want the truth, not my favorite, I love both, I was fanboy of both at different age when younger... Edited by Grey, Jan 27 2013, 06:47 PM.
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| SpinoInWonderland | Jan 27 2013, 06:48 PM Post #1722 |
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The madness has come back...
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Verdugo claims that the 14.4-meter estimates debunked the 16-18 meter ones... He basically claims Cau's estimates as solid proven fact while saying that all other estimates are debunked... Surely even you would have to disagree with that... |
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| Verdugo | Jan 27 2013, 06:59 PM Post #1723 |
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Large Carnivores Enthusiast
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Fuckin damn lie, this is what Sakamoto said in 2012 ! ![]() T rex bite force >>>> Giga or Carcharodontosaurus bite force >>>> Spinosaurus bite force. Is that so hard to understand ? I remember @Grey has posted proofs for Carcharodontosaurus (or Giganotosaurus whatever) having bite force 3 times less than T rex. And Spinosaurus bite force has already much weaker than that 2 tonne force "by a HUGE differences".
Who made that scale ?. Who made that Spino reconstruction, Fragillimus i guess |
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| Grey | Jan 27 2013, 07:14 PM Post #1724 |
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Kleptoparasite
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Well, Cau did not really debunk it but he's one of the most rigorous and rational modern researcher. His points are valid and as he's related to Dal Sasso, who's working on the new material from the Kem Kem, I'm somewhat confident in the man. I'd like Spinosaurus at a 18 m robust piscivore, but I, and I feel real spinosaurids experts, expect real corresponding material. Verdugo, yeah that was from Therrien et al. 2005. I couldn't read it yet, but I remember to have read of him that spinosaurids had exceptionnally fast, snapping jaws but not powerful at all. However this is a different work, not related to those of Sakamoto. I strongly believed that Spinosaurus would have the second bite force among giants theropods, due to its very dense skull, but in the light of these works and words, I reastically place carcharodontosaurids over in the biting department. Their skulls have clearly large space for jaws muscles. |
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| Verdugo | Jan 27 2013, 07:27 PM Post #1725 |
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Large Carnivores Enthusiast
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First, claws and teeth don't scale up proportionally. Smaller T rex can have bigger teeth, bigger claws than larger T rex, it doesn't matter. I don't try to prove that Spinosaurus has small claws, but you're trying to apply that is an average size Spinosaurus claws while you only scaled it up base on a single Baryonyx claws. Second, it is the thumb claw, right ?. Other Spinosaurus claws would be much smaller than that thumb claws actually Third, arms motion shouldn't be less important than claw size, i don't know about Spinosaurus arms motion, but most Theropod seem to have very limited arms motion (as @Jinfeng has showed). |
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