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| Spinosaurus aegyptiacus v Tyrannosaurus rex | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM (459,263 Views) | |
| Wolf Eagle | Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM Post #1 |
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M E G A P H Y S E T E R
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Tyrannosaurus rex Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex (rex meaning "king" in Latin), commonly abbreviated to T. rex, is a fixture in popular culture. It lived throughout what is now western North America, with a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, 67 to 65.5 million years ago.[1] It was among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Like other tyrannosaurids, Tyrannosaurus was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced by a long, heavy tail. Relative to the large and powerful hindlimbs, Tyrannosaurus forelimbs were small, though unusually powerful for their size, and bore two clawed digits. Although other theropods rivaled or exceeded Tyrannosaurus rex in size, it was the largest known tyrannosaurid and one of the largest known land predators. By far the largest carnivore in its environment, Tyrannosaurus rex may have been an apex predator, preying upon hadrosaurs and ceratopsians, although some experts have suggested it was primarily a scavenger. The debate over Tyrannosaurus as apex predator or scavenger is among the longest running in paleontology. Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest land carnivores of all time; the largest complete specimen, FMNH PR2081 ("Sue"), measured 12.8 metres (42 ft) long, and was 4.0 metres (13.1 ft) tall at the hips. Mass estimates have varied widely over the years, from more than 7.2 metric tons (7.9 short tons), to less than 4.5 metric tons (5.0 short tons), with most modern estimates ranging between 5.4 and 6.8 metric tons (6.0 and 7.5 short tons). Packard et al. (2009) tested dinosaur mass estimation procedures on elephants and concluded that dinosaur estimations are flawed and produce over-estimations; thus, the weight of Tyrannosaurus could be much less than usually estimated. Other estimations have concluded that the largest known Tyrannosaurus specimens had a weight exceeding 9 tonnes. ![]() Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Spinosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived in what is now North Africa, from the lower Albian to lower Cenomanian stages of the Cretaceous period, about 112 to 97 million years ago. Spinosaurus may be the largest of all known carnivorous dinosaurs, even larger than Tyrannosaurus and Giganotosaurus. Estimates published in 2005 and 2007 suggest that it was 12.6 to 18 metres (41 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 20.9 tonnes (7.7 to 23.0 short tons) in weight. The skull of Spinosaurus was long and narrow like that of a modern crocodilian. Spinosaurus is thought to have eaten fish; evidence suggests that it lived both on land and in water like a modern crocodilian. The distinctive spines of Spinosaurus, which were long extensions of the vertebrae, grew to at least 1.65 meters (5.4 ft) long and were likely to have had skin connecting them, forming a sail-like structure, although some authors have suggested that the spines were covered in fat and formed a hump. Multiple functions have been put forward for this structure, including thermoregulation and display. Dal Sasso et al. (2005) assumed that Spinosaurus and Suchomimus had the same body proportions in relation to their skull lengths, and thereby calculated that Spinosaurus was 16 to 18 meters (52 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 9 tonnes (7.7 to 9.9 short tons) in weight. The Dal Sasso et al. estimates were criticized because the skull length estimate was uncertain, and (assuming that body mass increases as the cube of body length) scaling Suchomimus which was 11 meters (36 ft) long and 3.8 tonnes (4.2 short tons) in mass to the range of estimated lengths of Spinosaurus would produce an estimated body mass of 11.7 to 16.7 tonnes (12.9 to 18.4 short tons).
Edited by Taipan, Apr 24 2015, 10:10 PM.
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| MysteryMeat | Jan 28 2013, 06:33 AM Post #1771 |
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Herbivore
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like this one? http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Spinosaurus_Crane.jpg or this?
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| theropod | Jan 28 2013, 06:40 AM Post #1772 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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I think it was the first one. The second one doesn´t appear to be an original its mandible doesn´t even consist of multiple bones, and it too has a wrong shape, at least assuming Stromers spinosaurus wasn´t deformed. |
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| MightyMaus | Jan 28 2013, 06:51 AM Post #1773 |
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Autotrophic Organism
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Yeah...the second one looks pretty sketchy in terms of completeness and originality. |
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| theropod | Jan 28 2013, 06:52 AM Post #1774 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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Sure that isn´t just some inaccurate cast? even the rostrum looks odd, the crest doesn´t fit the shape of the one Dal Sasso described either... |
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| MysteryMeat | Jan 28 2013, 06:56 AM Post #1775 |
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Herbivore
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I assume the first one is the "Drouot Spinosaurus", auctioned in hotel drouot. The second one is also auctioned there, but skull only. check this out: http://spinosauridae.fr.gd/Les-Spinosaurus-chim-e2-riques-de-Drouot.htm ![]() The mandible seems to be cast from genuine fossils. It's one piece in the pic probably because it's a cast of a cast+sculpture to reconstruct the lower jaw. It's a composite of multiple individuals I think. I looks quite different than Stromer's Spinosaurus aegyptiacus. Since all these material are of "French" origin, I think they are from Kem Kem beds of Western Sahara, like Morroco and Algeria. And it could be systemetically different than Spinosaurus aegyptiacus. |
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| MysteryMeat | Jan 28 2013, 07:02 AM Post #1776 |
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Herbivore
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![]() ![]() i think green represents actual bones. They all highly resemble MSNM V4047 and SAM 124, but the mandible is not very similar to S. aegypriacus. Whether it's due to individual variation, ontogeny, or specific difference is unknown. I don't speak French, grey might have more info on these. |
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| theropod | Jan 28 2013, 07:04 AM Post #1777 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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The largest part of the mandible being missing explains some of the oddities. Could the rest mean that there really was a species "S." marroccanus? But why does the rostrum curve upwards so strangely while MNSN doesn´t? |
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| theropod | Jan 28 2013, 07:06 AM Post #1778 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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Seems like we can expect some new material to be described soon. The legs do confuse me, everybody is talking about short legs and now there is the most long legged skeletal with parts of its legs preserved |
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| MysteryMeat | Jan 28 2013, 07:08 AM Post #1779 |
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Herbivore
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The mandible is not as deep it seems. Maybe because it's younger? I'm not sure about the strange upward turn of the rostrum, maybe also due to one of the three reasons i listed in the previous post. |
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| theropod | Jan 28 2013, 07:10 AM Post #1780 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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If I remember right those two both where pretty small individuals, less than 10m. Ontogeny seems a good explanation, but I whished thoise where properly described! |
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| MysteryMeat | Jan 28 2013, 07:13 AM Post #1781 |
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Herbivore
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I think green parts are preserved. The femora are pretty short. Tibia are largely unpreserved. There also could be discrepancy between the skeletal drawing and fossil assemblage. And ontogeny is probably a good factor too. |
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| Carnosaur Rex | Jan 28 2013, 10:40 AM Post #1782 |
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Unicellular Organism
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@Verdugo Hey your work is wonderful... can I have a way to talk with you (PM doesn't work) by e-mail or facebook.... That'll be awesome!!! Edited by Carnosaur Rex, Jan 28 2013, 10:41 AM.
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| SpinoInWonderland | Jan 28 2013, 10:45 PM Post #1783 |
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The madness has come back...
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Ursus arctos' post works well in this situation...
http://carnivoraforum.com/single/?p=8459150&t=9810927 |
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| Kurtz | Jan 28 2013, 10:54 PM Post #1784 |
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Kleptoparasite
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hey this is twice t rex spino |
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| Jinfengopteryx | Jan 29 2013, 12:53 AM Post #1785 |
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Aspiring paleontologist, science enthusiast and armchair speculative fiction/evolution writer
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I'm not really good at french, but from what I understand it says: "The parts marked green are the reconstructed parts" Sorry if I'm wrong. I'll maybe use google translator. EIDT: I used it and I was right from the context, but a better translation would be: "The parts shown green are the reconstructed parts" Edited by Jinfengopteryx, Jan 29 2013, 12:56 AM.
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