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| Spinosaurus aegyptiacus v Tyrannosaurus rex | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM (459,257 Views) | |
| Wolf Eagle | Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM Post #1 |
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M E G A P H Y S E T E R
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Tyrannosaurus rex Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex (rex meaning "king" in Latin), commonly abbreviated to T. rex, is a fixture in popular culture. It lived throughout what is now western North America, with a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, 67 to 65.5 million years ago.[1] It was among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Like other tyrannosaurids, Tyrannosaurus was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced by a long, heavy tail. Relative to the large and powerful hindlimbs, Tyrannosaurus forelimbs were small, though unusually powerful for their size, and bore two clawed digits. Although other theropods rivaled or exceeded Tyrannosaurus rex in size, it was the largest known tyrannosaurid and one of the largest known land predators. By far the largest carnivore in its environment, Tyrannosaurus rex may have been an apex predator, preying upon hadrosaurs and ceratopsians, although some experts have suggested it was primarily a scavenger. The debate over Tyrannosaurus as apex predator or scavenger is among the longest running in paleontology. Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest land carnivores of all time; the largest complete specimen, FMNH PR2081 ("Sue"), measured 12.8 metres (42 ft) long, and was 4.0 metres (13.1 ft) tall at the hips. Mass estimates have varied widely over the years, from more than 7.2 metric tons (7.9 short tons), to less than 4.5 metric tons (5.0 short tons), with most modern estimates ranging between 5.4 and 6.8 metric tons (6.0 and 7.5 short tons). Packard et al. (2009) tested dinosaur mass estimation procedures on elephants and concluded that dinosaur estimations are flawed and produce over-estimations; thus, the weight of Tyrannosaurus could be much less than usually estimated. Other estimations have concluded that the largest known Tyrannosaurus specimens had a weight exceeding 9 tonnes. ![]() Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Spinosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived in what is now North Africa, from the lower Albian to lower Cenomanian stages of the Cretaceous period, about 112 to 97 million years ago. Spinosaurus may be the largest of all known carnivorous dinosaurs, even larger than Tyrannosaurus and Giganotosaurus. Estimates published in 2005 and 2007 suggest that it was 12.6 to 18 metres (41 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 20.9 tonnes (7.7 to 23.0 short tons) in weight. The skull of Spinosaurus was long and narrow like that of a modern crocodilian. Spinosaurus is thought to have eaten fish; evidence suggests that it lived both on land and in water like a modern crocodilian. The distinctive spines of Spinosaurus, which were long extensions of the vertebrae, grew to at least 1.65 meters (5.4 ft) long and were likely to have had skin connecting them, forming a sail-like structure, although some authors have suggested that the spines were covered in fat and formed a hump. Multiple functions have been put forward for this structure, including thermoregulation and display. Dal Sasso et al. (2005) assumed that Spinosaurus and Suchomimus had the same body proportions in relation to their skull lengths, and thereby calculated that Spinosaurus was 16 to 18 meters (52 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 9 tonnes (7.7 to 9.9 short tons) in weight. The Dal Sasso et al. estimates were criticized because the skull length estimate was uncertain, and (assuming that body mass increases as the cube of body length) scaling Suchomimus which was 11 meters (36 ft) long and 3.8 tonnes (4.2 short tons) in mass to the range of estimated lengths of Spinosaurus would produce an estimated body mass of 11.7 to 16.7 tonnes (12.9 to 18.4 short tons).
Edited by Taipan, Apr 24 2015, 10:10 PM.
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| Jinfengopteryx | Jan 31 2013, 01:31 AM Post #1861 |
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Aspiring paleontologist, science enthusiast and armchair speculative fiction/evolution writer
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As said, the definitions can vary, some call the structure of the Arizonasaurus in Stuttgart already a sail. |
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| MysteryMeat | Jan 31 2013, 01:34 AM Post #1862 |
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Herbivore
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I disagree. Legs muscles attach to the pelvis, not the back, big back muscles don't strengthen your legs. I doubt you need extra muscled back just to catch a fish. Other Spinosaurs don't have this structure, as far as we know. Also, unless Spino is constantly deadlifting or suplexing all the fish it catches it doesn't need an incredible amount of muscles... Bisons have tall spines mainly around the neck and shoulders for neck muscles and traps, supposedly to plow through thick snow in winter. I don't think Spinosaurus does that kinda motion along its whole back, nor was it able to do it. Theropod dorsal column is supposedly pretty still, and flexing the back would make the tall spines crash into each other. |
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| Jinfengopteryx | Jan 31 2013, 01:36 AM Post #1863 |
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Aspiring paleontologist, science enthusiast and armchair speculative fiction/evolution writer
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But a muscle attachment could be helpful for stronger neck muscles, when dragging something out of the water, what's larger than an Onchopristis. |
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| MysteryMeat | Jan 31 2013, 01:47 AM Post #1864 |
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Herbivore
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Yeah it could. But it doesn't need to extent all the way down the back and tail. A bison like structure would suffice. Cape Buffaloes can life a lioness with its neck muscles, they don't have nearly as tall of a spine. The tip of the process is different, I think we all agree that spinosaurus don't have huge muscle extending all the way up the entire spine. Don't you think a shorter, thicker spine would be more likely if it helps the animal lifting things with its neck? Spino only need to haul a fish out of the water and it would be dinner. Lifting is not necessary. Edited by MysteryMeat, Jan 31 2013, 01:47 AM.
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| Jinfengopteryx | Jan 31 2013, 02:43 AM Post #1865 |
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Aspiring paleontologist, science enthusiast and armchair speculative fiction/evolution writer
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I know that mit probably rather dragged prey out, by I ment something heavy, like a carcass. But maybe the sail indeed was just an equivalent to Elephant ears. |
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| Black Ice | Jan 31 2013, 07:04 AM Post #1866 |
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Drom King
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I have been trying to tell everyone this for the LONGEST! Maybe I did it too aggressively...... |
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| Kurtz | Jan 31 2013, 07:06 AM Post #1867 |
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Kleptoparasite
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totally agree. |
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| SpinoInWonderland | Jan 31 2013, 11:00 AM Post #1868 |
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The madness has come back...
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That's even more unlikely than a Dimetrodon-like sail...elephant ears can be moved and have no bones, Spinosaurus can't even move it's spines and has broad bones in it! And again, a sail is the least likely... |
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| Godzillasaurus | Jan 31 2013, 11:13 AM Post #1869 |
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Reptile King
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It should be a given fact that the supposed "sail" of a spinosaurus isn't really a sail at all. The spines in that area are too wide and bulky to be of a sail. Spinosaurus had a ridge-like formation on its back, not a sail. Can this matchup please be taken back to the more important aspects and/or be officially concluded?! |
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| Black Ice | Jan 31 2013, 12:13 PM Post #1870 |
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Drom King
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Spinosaurus had pretty flexible spines to the point it could arch its back. @Godzillaman you better have strong proof spino had a ridge over all else. Because if you actually read the thread you would know spinosaurus neural spines aren't wide and bulky. Edited by Black Ice, Jan 31 2013, 12:14 PM.
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| SpinoInWonderland | Jan 31 2013, 12:18 PM Post #1871 |
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The madness has come back...
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It's just an extension of the vertebrae, they have no joints...I was meaning that they can't be used like elephant ears... Edited by SpinoInWonderland, Jan 31 2013, 12:28 PM.
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| Godzillasaurus | Jan 31 2013, 12:18 PM Post #1872 |
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Reptile King
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It didn't have a hump, but it didn't have a sail. When you look at the spines of dimetrodon when compared to those of spinosaurus, you will see a somewhat major difference: Dimetrodon ![]() Spinosaurus ![]() The general reconstruction of spinosaurus establishes thicker, shorter spines than those of dimetrodon, which possessed a spinal structure more similar to a sail. |
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| Black Ice | Jan 31 2013, 12:31 PM Post #1873 |
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Drom King
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EDITED
Edited by Black Ice, Jan 31 2013, 12:37 PM.
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| Godzillasaurus | Jan 31 2013, 12:35 PM Post #1874 |
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Reptile King
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You are missing the point. By "thick" I meant it in terms of lateral (side to side) width. Edited by Godzillasaurus, Jan 31 2013, 12:45 PM.
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| Black Ice | Jan 31 2013, 12:36 PM Post #1875 |
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Drom King
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Lateral view thickness doesn't have anything to do with it being a ridge. The entire bone must be thick from the base upwards from a frontal view as well. And spinosaurus spines aren't that much shorter than dimetrodons for its body size. Edited by Black Ice, Jan 31 2013, 12:37 PM.
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