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| Spinosaurus aegyptiacus v Tyrannosaurus rex | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM (459,237 Views) | |
| Wolf Eagle | Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM Post #1 |
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M E G A P H Y S E T E R
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Tyrannosaurus rex Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex (rex meaning "king" in Latin), commonly abbreviated to T. rex, is a fixture in popular culture. It lived throughout what is now western North America, with a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, 67 to 65.5 million years ago.[1] It was among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Like other tyrannosaurids, Tyrannosaurus was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced by a long, heavy tail. Relative to the large and powerful hindlimbs, Tyrannosaurus forelimbs were small, though unusually powerful for their size, and bore two clawed digits. Although other theropods rivaled or exceeded Tyrannosaurus rex in size, it was the largest known tyrannosaurid and one of the largest known land predators. By far the largest carnivore in its environment, Tyrannosaurus rex may have been an apex predator, preying upon hadrosaurs and ceratopsians, although some experts have suggested it was primarily a scavenger. The debate over Tyrannosaurus as apex predator or scavenger is among the longest running in paleontology. Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest land carnivores of all time; the largest complete specimen, FMNH PR2081 ("Sue"), measured 12.8 metres (42 ft) long, and was 4.0 metres (13.1 ft) tall at the hips. Mass estimates have varied widely over the years, from more than 7.2 metric tons (7.9 short tons), to less than 4.5 metric tons (5.0 short tons), with most modern estimates ranging between 5.4 and 6.8 metric tons (6.0 and 7.5 short tons). Packard et al. (2009) tested dinosaur mass estimation procedures on elephants and concluded that dinosaur estimations are flawed and produce over-estimations; thus, the weight of Tyrannosaurus could be much less than usually estimated. Other estimations have concluded that the largest known Tyrannosaurus specimens had a weight exceeding 9 tonnes. ![]() Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Spinosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived in what is now North Africa, from the lower Albian to lower Cenomanian stages of the Cretaceous period, about 112 to 97 million years ago. Spinosaurus may be the largest of all known carnivorous dinosaurs, even larger than Tyrannosaurus and Giganotosaurus. Estimates published in 2005 and 2007 suggest that it was 12.6 to 18 metres (41 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 20.9 tonnes (7.7 to 23.0 short tons) in weight. The skull of Spinosaurus was long and narrow like that of a modern crocodilian. Spinosaurus is thought to have eaten fish; evidence suggests that it lived both on land and in water like a modern crocodilian. The distinctive spines of Spinosaurus, which were long extensions of the vertebrae, grew to at least 1.65 meters (5.4 ft) long and were likely to have had skin connecting them, forming a sail-like structure, although some authors have suggested that the spines were covered in fat and formed a hump. Multiple functions have been put forward for this structure, including thermoregulation and display. Dal Sasso et al. (2005) assumed that Spinosaurus and Suchomimus had the same body proportions in relation to their skull lengths, and thereby calculated that Spinosaurus was 16 to 18 meters (52 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 9 tonnes (7.7 to 9.9 short tons) in weight. The Dal Sasso et al. estimates were criticized because the skull length estimate was uncertain, and (assuming that body mass increases as the cube of body length) scaling Suchomimus which was 11 meters (36 ft) long and 3.8 tonnes (4.2 short tons) in mass to the range of estimated lengths of Spinosaurus would produce an estimated body mass of 11.7 to 16.7 tonnes (12.9 to 18.4 short tons).
Edited by Taipan, Apr 24 2015, 10:10 PM.
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| Jinfengopteryx | Feb 18 2013, 06:52 AM Post #2161 |
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Aspiring paleontologist, science enthusiast and armchair speculative fiction/evolution writer
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Hm, they are shorter than I suspected them to be. 15 and 17m? |
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| theropod | Feb 18 2013, 07:17 AM Post #2162 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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well, t. rex based on hartmans skeletal ends up at only 11.2m when scaled to brochus figure for skull lenght. the natural posture sinificantly shortens the animal. these figures may well correspond to mine. It is getting ever more confusing. sooner or later I'll do a complete revision of my simplistic estimates,and then not just based on a single dimension but on what we know of the holotype and how t compares to its relatives, but I guess my to-do-list might be a bit to full to make such promises... Does anyome know where to find the description of baryonyx? That'd be the last piece in the jigsaw. I have some figures of it's remains through The Dinosauria, but I'd be interested in detailed measurements... |
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| blaze | Feb 18 2013, 07:38 AM Post #2163 |
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Carnivore
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Hartman's Suchomimus skull is ~1.4m long Suchomimus skull is still not complete enough for there to only be just one way to reconstruct it. Jaime Headden's has a skull roughly 1.7m long! Edited by blaze, Feb 18 2013, 07:55 AM.
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| theropod | Feb 18 2013, 07:54 AM Post #2164 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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1,7m!!!!!! omg, I'd love to see how he managed to get the skull that long, imagine how long that of spino would be when reconstructed the same way... |
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| blaze | Feb 18 2013, 07:57 AM Post #2165 |
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Carnivore
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![]() Source Edited by blaze, Feb 18 2013, 07:58 AM.
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| theropod | Feb 18 2013, 08:23 AM Post #2166 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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Does anyone else just think of that scene in JP3? "suchumimus?...larger!...baryonyx?...not with that sail" anyway, this demonstates the uncertainities regarding skull size quite well. Spinosaurus cranium, when reconstructed the same way, would be well above 2m. |
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| 7Alx | Feb 18 2013, 05:29 PM Post #2167 |
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Herbivore
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Suchomimus skull seems to be around as long as T. rex skull. Although it's closer to camera than Tyrannosaurus. |
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| theropod | Feb 19 2013, 05:14 AM Post #2168 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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thatś probably not a particularly large t. rex skull like sue or stan, rather someting closer to the average. |
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| SpinoInWonderland | Feb 19 2013, 12:02 PM Post #2169 |
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The madness has come back...
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What do you think is the average Tyrannosaurus skull length? |
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| MysteryMeat | Feb 19 2013, 03:16 PM Post #2170 |
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Herbivore
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AMNH 5027, like other so called "T. X" specimens, is not known for its impressive skull. I assume average is somewhere between 130cm and 140cm. |
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| theropod | Feb 20 2013, 03:55 AM Post #2171 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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The palaeobiology Database gives a figure of "1374.1 x 945.0" for average skull dimensions. I´m not so shure about their sample size tough, as generally it seemed their average figures for most parts where only marginally smaller than sue´s, but it is the best we have. I had expected it to be lower actually, more like 120-130cm from what i read in Bakkers admittedly obsolete Edmarka-paper (he gave 125cm for rexy, but that was before larger specimens of many theropods became described). AMNH 5027 had a skull measuring 135,5cm according to the theropod database. stan´s and sues are both around 1,4m, from pmx to Qj which means their actual maximum lenghts where greater, and they might vary depending on how the skull is dewarped. obviously, its true, you can reconstruct the skull in a variety of ways and this might be a longer one, which however would mean to be fair we had to reconstruct the skull of spinosaurus longer as well. I wouldn´t take that photograph as proof tough, because it is hard to judge how much role perspective plays in this case (we all know wthere are photographic tricks utilising this to make something look bigger, it can have quite an effect). |
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| MysteryMeat | Feb 20 2013, 04:48 AM Post #2172 |
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Herbivore
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AMNH 5027 skull has a 71cm maxilla, from Larson's data in the book Tyrannosaurus rex, the tyrant king. From tip of snout to QJ is about 127cm, this is not official data, but based on my measurement from photographs. It's a complete skull with much less vertical bending than Sue. |
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| theropod | Feb 20 2013, 04:49 AM Post #2173 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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that appears logical, sue is a relatively elongated skull at least from a lateral view |
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| mega t.rex the magnificent | Feb 20 2013, 09:18 AM Post #2174 |
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Autotrophic Organism
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5 feet long |
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| SpinoInWonderland | Feb 20 2013, 11:56 AM Post #2175 |
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The madness has come back...
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That's the largest one not the average |
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