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| Spinosaurus aegyptiacus v Tyrannosaurus rex | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM (459,226 Views) | |
| Wolf Eagle | Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM Post #1 |
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M E G A P H Y S E T E R
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Tyrannosaurus rex Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex (rex meaning "king" in Latin), commonly abbreviated to T. rex, is a fixture in popular culture. It lived throughout what is now western North America, with a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, 67 to 65.5 million years ago.[1] It was among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Like other tyrannosaurids, Tyrannosaurus was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced by a long, heavy tail. Relative to the large and powerful hindlimbs, Tyrannosaurus forelimbs were small, though unusually powerful for their size, and bore two clawed digits. Although other theropods rivaled or exceeded Tyrannosaurus rex in size, it was the largest known tyrannosaurid and one of the largest known land predators. By far the largest carnivore in its environment, Tyrannosaurus rex may have been an apex predator, preying upon hadrosaurs and ceratopsians, although some experts have suggested it was primarily a scavenger. The debate over Tyrannosaurus as apex predator or scavenger is among the longest running in paleontology. Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest land carnivores of all time; the largest complete specimen, FMNH PR2081 ("Sue"), measured 12.8 metres (42 ft) long, and was 4.0 metres (13.1 ft) tall at the hips. Mass estimates have varied widely over the years, from more than 7.2 metric tons (7.9 short tons), to less than 4.5 metric tons (5.0 short tons), with most modern estimates ranging between 5.4 and 6.8 metric tons (6.0 and 7.5 short tons). Packard et al. (2009) tested dinosaur mass estimation procedures on elephants and concluded that dinosaur estimations are flawed and produce over-estimations; thus, the weight of Tyrannosaurus could be much less than usually estimated. Other estimations have concluded that the largest known Tyrannosaurus specimens had a weight exceeding 9 tonnes. ![]() Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Spinosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived in what is now North Africa, from the lower Albian to lower Cenomanian stages of the Cretaceous period, about 112 to 97 million years ago. Spinosaurus may be the largest of all known carnivorous dinosaurs, even larger than Tyrannosaurus and Giganotosaurus. Estimates published in 2005 and 2007 suggest that it was 12.6 to 18 metres (41 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 20.9 tonnes (7.7 to 23.0 short tons) in weight. The skull of Spinosaurus was long and narrow like that of a modern crocodilian. Spinosaurus is thought to have eaten fish; evidence suggests that it lived both on land and in water like a modern crocodilian. The distinctive spines of Spinosaurus, which were long extensions of the vertebrae, grew to at least 1.65 meters (5.4 ft) long and were likely to have had skin connecting them, forming a sail-like structure, although some authors have suggested that the spines were covered in fat and formed a hump. Multiple functions have been put forward for this structure, including thermoregulation and display. Dal Sasso et al. (2005) assumed that Spinosaurus and Suchomimus had the same body proportions in relation to their skull lengths, and thereby calculated that Spinosaurus was 16 to 18 meters (52 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 9 tonnes (7.7 to 9.9 short tons) in weight. The Dal Sasso et al. estimates were criticized because the skull length estimate was uncertain, and (assuming that body mass increases as the cube of body length) scaling Suchomimus which was 11 meters (36 ft) long and 3.8 tonnes (4.2 short tons) in mass to the range of estimated lengths of Spinosaurus would produce an estimated body mass of 11.7 to 16.7 tonnes (12.9 to 18.4 short tons).
Edited by Taipan, Apr 24 2015, 10:10 PM.
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| blaze | Mar 23 2013, 06:10 AM Post #2326 |
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Carnivore
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The incorrectly positioned ribs were corrected in the study that gave 1.5 tonnes to Big Al, they even showed the difference between the corrected and uncorrected volumes, a measly 100 liters. |
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| dinosaur | Mar 23 2013, 07:06 AM Post #2327 |
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Heterotrophic Organism
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Right. That's exactly what I meant |
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| Jinfengopteryx | Mar 23 2013, 06:01 PM Post #2328 |
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Aspiring paleontologist, science enthusiast and armchair speculative fiction/evolution writer
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So you knew that it's skull has actually a not so stable built? |
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| dinosaur | Mar 25 2013, 06:32 AM Post #2329 |
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Heterotrophic Organism
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Where's brolyeuphyfusion when u need him? I noticed long ago he posted a picture of the holotype spinosaurus. I wanna see it |
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| theropod | Mar 25 2013, 06:44 AM Post #2330 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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@dinosaur: that was me who posted it:![]() it seems it had a proportionally pretty small skull indeed... I want to remind that it is not clear whether other theropods had a different skull-built as far as far as shock absorbing is concerned. Oh, and dinosaur never knew anything (I tought that was evident from his posts so far), he just enthusiastically agrees with anything that seems to support him in his ridiculous opinion that T. rex could headbutt and seriously injure a far larger spinosaur. @blaze: Oh, then I might have underestimated allosaur weight... Edited by theropod, Mar 25 2013, 06:53 AM.
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| Jinfengopteryx | Mar 25 2013, 07:50 AM Post #2331 |
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Aspiring paleontologist, science enthusiast and armchair speculative fiction/evolution writer
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Well, they had a different built, but I don't know how relevant it is, the main difference seems to be that the absorbing centrum is another (in Tyrannosaurus it is the nasal, in Allosaurus not). Furthermore, peak compressive and shear stresses localize in the nasals rather than the fronto-parietal region as seen in Allosaurus, offering a reason why robusticity is commonplace in tyrannosaurid nasals. (by Rayfield; 2003) I don't know if that makes any difference in effectvity, but it is something what can be called a difference (at least in the way the shock is absorbed or better formulated, where it is absorbed). |
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| theropod | Mar 25 2013, 09:13 AM Post #2332 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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thats rather where the shock is strongest... what I meant where the unconnected bones, as far as I know that's a common feature among theropods. actually tyrannosaurs are known for their fused nasals, which are not a trait of other theropods. |
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| dinosaur | Mar 25 2013, 01:25 PM Post #2333 |
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Heterotrophic Organism
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Anyway, wherever black eyes is, what the heck is this picture telling?! |
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| Jinfengopteryx | Mar 25 2013, 04:50 PM Post #2334 |
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Aspiring paleontologist, science enthusiast and armchair speculative fiction/evolution writer
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That's what I wrote:
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| theropod | Mar 25 2013, 08:45 PM Post #2335 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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Yes, but wheren't we talking about those special shock absorbing loosely connected skull bones? The nasals are among the ones for which you definitely cannot say this. Of course Tyrannosaur skulls are built in a way that focuses the stress in the nasal bones while in other theropods it is focused elsewhere, but that's a different story. |
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| Foodchain64 | Mar 25 2013, 10:48 PM Post #2336 |
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Unicellular Organism
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I personally think that due to size, The spinosaurus may have a slight advantage, however its probably 51-49. |
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| blaze | Mar 26 2013, 03:36 PM Post #2337 |
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Carnivore
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@theropod Off topic, Allosaurus weight
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| theropod | Mar 26 2013, 08:23 PM Post #2338 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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Thanks blaze! Wow, you made the effort to make a GDI...you're really diligent. With a 0,9 density this would make Big al just over 1,4t. It is notable the torso is longer in the scan than in the skeletal, but the bulk difference is insognificant, you are right. I never said big al was below 1t, just maybe not above either, but you convinced me. |
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| Drift | Mar 28 2013, 05:52 PM Post #2339 |
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High Spined Lizard
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agreed |
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| Spinodontosaurus | Mar 28 2013, 07:54 PM Post #2340 |
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Herbivore
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Only partly true. I know of two megalosaurids off the top of my head that had long, robust arms by theropod standards (Eustreptosondylus and Torvosaurus). Two spinosaurids are known with forelimb material; Cristatusaurus and Baryonyx and both are long and robust. So while we don't know exactly how long the arms were, the default standpoint has to be that they were long and robust. There is, however, a ~75cm humerus known from the Albanian or Cenomanian of Morocco that is clearly a spinosaurid and about 1.5 times larger than the humerus of Baryonyx. It comes from the right time, the right place and is the right size for it to be a Spinosaurus' humerus, I would guess around the size of the holotype (MSNM V4047 was another 20% larger dimensionally). Whether it is a Spino' or not is another matter of course. EDIT: Image isn't displaying for me, here's the direct link: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_6fVePgcYTJc/R81BSPwxUGI/AAAAAAAAARU/mcNhuow0yc4/s1600-h/Omero+Spinosaurus.JPG Edited by Spinodontosaurus, Mar 28 2013, 07:54 PM.
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using dinosaur king as your source?
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2:23 AM Jul 14