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| Spinosaurus aegyptiacus v Tyrannosaurus rex | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM (459,185 Views) | |
| Wolf Eagle | Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM Post #1 |
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M E G A P H Y S E T E R
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Tyrannosaurus rex Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex (rex meaning "king" in Latin), commonly abbreviated to T. rex, is a fixture in popular culture. It lived throughout what is now western North America, with a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, 67 to 65.5 million years ago.[1] It was among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Like other tyrannosaurids, Tyrannosaurus was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced by a long, heavy tail. Relative to the large and powerful hindlimbs, Tyrannosaurus forelimbs were small, though unusually powerful for their size, and bore two clawed digits. Although other theropods rivaled or exceeded Tyrannosaurus rex in size, it was the largest known tyrannosaurid and one of the largest known land predators. By far the largest carnivore in its environment, Tyrannosaurus rex may have been an apex predator, preying upon hadrosaurs and ceratopsians, although some experts have suggested it was primarily a scavenger. The debate over Tyrannosaurus as apex predator or scavenger is among the longest running in paleontology. Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest land carnivores of all time; the largest complete specimen, FMNH PR2081 ("Sue"), measured 12.8 metres (42 ft) long, and was 4.0 metres (13.1 ft) tall at the hips. Mass estimates have varied widely over the years, from more than 7.2 metric tons (7.9 short tons), to less than 4.5 metric tons (5.0 short tons), with most modern estimates ranging between 5.4 and 6.8 metric tons (6.0 and 7.5 short tons). Packard et al. (2009) tested dinosaur mass estimation procedures on elephants and concluded that dinosaur estimations are flawed and produce over-estimations; thus, the weight of Tyrannosaurus could be much less than usually estimated. Other estimations have concluded that the largest known Tyrannosaurus specimens had a weight exceeding 9 tonnes. ![]() Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Spinosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived in what is now North Africa, from the lower Albian to lower Cenomanian stages of the Cretaceous period, about 112 to 97 million years ago. Spinosaurus may be the largest of all known carnivorous dinosaurs, even larger than Tyrannosaurus and Giganotosaurus. Estimates published in 2005 and 2007 suggest that it was 12.6 to 18 metres (41 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 20.9 tonnes (7.7 to 23.0 short tons) in weight. The skull of Spinosaurus was long and narrow like that of a modern crocodilian. Spinosaurus is thought to have eaten fish; evidence suggests that it lived both on land and in water like a modern crocodilian. The distinctive spines of Spinosaurus, which were long extensions of the vertebrae, grew to at least 1.65 meters (5.4 ft) long and were likely to have had skin connecting them, forming a sail-like structure, although some authors have suggested that the spines were covered in fat and formed a hump. Multiple functions have been put forward for this structure, including thermoregulation and display. Dal Sasso et al. (2005) assumed that Spinosaurus and Suchomimus had the same body proportions in relation to their skull lengths, and thereby calculated that Spinosaurus was 16 to 18 meters (52 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 9 tonnes (7.7 to 9.9 short tons) in weight. The Dal Sasso et al. estimates were criticized because the skull length estimate was uncertain, and (assuming that body mass increases as the cube of body length) scaling Suchomimus which was 11 meters (36 ft) long and 3.8 tonnes (4.2 short tons) in mass to the range of estimated lengths of Spinosaurus would produce an estimated body mass of 11.7 to 16.7 tonnes (12.9 to 18.4 short tons).
Edited by Taipan, Apr 24 2015, 10:10 PM.
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| Vobby | Jan 25 2014, 02:31 AM Post #2941 |
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Omnivore
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The whole paleontological world is convinced of the fact that Spinosaurus is a perfectly valid taxon, it isn't really necessary to discuss it. I think it isn't very wise to try and estimate the size of MSNM V4047, it can perfectly have been smaller than the holotype for all we know... |
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| spinosaurus rex | Jan 25 2014, 02:36 AM Post #2942 |
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Carnivore
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when was that concluded. I always read that MSNM V4047 was considerably bigger if not at size parity. I never heard it being smaller. is their a source of this.
Edited by spinosaurus rex, Jan 25 2014, 02:36 AM.
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| theropod | Jan 25 2014, 03:01 AM Post #2943 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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What you fail to realise is that just because Spinosaurus’ remains are dissatisfactory, that does not mean T. rex (sic!) was automatically more of a contender. Yes, we know relatively complete skeletons, and not too few of them. This is why we can constrain the size of typical and large T. rex specimens fairly well. They do not appear to reach that of MNHM V 4047 for all we know, in fact most scientific restorations suggest the latter to be considerably bigger. Deductions and speculations are important principles of science, and palaeontology wouldn’t work without them (including palaeontology on animals such as T. rex!). You can rant as long as you want, but as long as you cannot show me a better deduction, this one remains valid. Edited by theropod, Jan 25 2014, 03:02 AM.
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| Jinfengopteryx | Jan 25 2014, 03:22 AM Post #2944 |
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Aspiring paleontologist, science enthusiast and armchair speculative fiction/evolution writer
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Theropod, no contender≠inferior. Canadianwildlife just said we can't talk about it as easily as about T. rex. I don't like this way of thinking either and I agree with your last line. |
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| Vobby | Jan 25 2014, 03:31 AM Post #2945 |
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Omnivore
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I don't think it was smaller, it is just that a bigger (part of the) skull doesn't necessarily means that the whole animal was bigger, just think about of the variations we have in the skulls of different specimen of T. rex. Anyway, Cau estimated it as only 108% bigger than the holotype here, basing on the proportions given by Stromer: http://theropoda.blogspot.it/2013/11/loverbite-reale-ed-il-subadulto.html But even if every one of its dimensions were 120% those of the holotype, its seems that it still wouldn't match the size of Sue (and I'm pretty sure that the likes of Stan would be more similar to Sue that to Spinosaurus in this type of comparison): ![]() ![]() As Hartman showed for T.rex and Giganotosaurus, width matters, a lot. This seems to be even more true for Spinosaurus. |
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| Tyrannoceratospinosaurus Rex | Jan 25 2014, 03:33 AM Post #2946 |
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Heterotrophic Organism
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Mecha you have no evidence to support your claim about Spino surviving a Tyrannosaurus bite. Just one rare case can not be used as a general fact. By the same logic, just cause one lion was starving and could deliver a powerful bite to suffocate their prey, all lions would be unable to do so. I didn't ask you to show the skeleton of a Spino. I care about the muscle it had. Was that strong enough to knock down a T-Rex? We don't know. I am well aware of of the Iguanodon remains. But prove me that they were hunted, not scavenged. Armored fish may be durable, but i catch one and throw it to the ground, its dead meat. Spinosaurids had always ''escaped'' from competition with carnosaurs. They exploited an environment successfully and developed tools to hunt different prey to avoid competition. They only time they were forced to such competition was when their prey died out and they had no choice but to face what they wanted to avoid. They made themselves incapable of hunting things like T-Rex. Those jaws and thin and elongated and those teeth were conical and lacked serrations. They could not tear flesh. They were specialists. A creature like T-Rex was out of their capacity to kill (as proven by the fact that when they tried to hunt large terrestrial prey, they failed and went extinct) I agree that Spino's jaws were more robust than a gavial's but they still had the same formula: A long and thin snout. A Spino would be like a dinosaur version of a gavial: eating fish and small fauna. I can indeed see a Spinosaurus bite force to be pretty strong. But not strong enough to crush bone or kill large animals. |
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| Hatzegopteryx | Jan 25 2014, 04:39 AM Post #2947 |
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Unicellular Organism
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Actually, he does. An Edmontosaurus survived getting its skull bitten by a Tyrannosaurus, so why would Spinosaurus not survive? It is far larger so a force is reduced compared to it. Why even bring environmental adaptations such as prey item hunting adaptations up? If that logic actually worked, Triceratops would be totally defenceless, since it eats defenceless plants. The competition argument is worthless but if anything we have more competition known for Spinosaurus' environment than for Tyrannosaurus'. If you want to bring prey up I'll have you know that this spinosaurid fed on rhino-sized fish. |
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| Canadianwildlife | Jan 25 2014, 05:18 AM Post #2948 |
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Apex Predator
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Yes, they are a single species, but there is still no proof for how big it was, and it may not look excactly like the one imagined. It doesn't matter how good estimates or guesses are, they cant prove how large spinosaurous was, how, when all they have at best are some jawbones, which don't tell the length of the animal. The best fossils they have found are parts of jawbones, so that doesn't tell us how big it was, and just remember we don't know how big this animal is despite estimates and guesses, its all guesswork, so, I'm still not considering spinosaurous to be a rival of a t-rex until we actaully have a complete skeleton, which will tell us what it really looked like, and how big it really was. The t-rex has all of this and more, so the t-rex is up a few steps. Estimates and guesses are not facts, and are not conclusive, thus it is hasty to say that spinosaurous was bigger than t-rex, and was a match for it. Until then, all they can do is guess, reconstruct, and estimate. So as of right now, spinosaurous is not a rival because we really don't know how big it was, and such, period. |
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| Hatzegopteryx | Jan 25 2014, 05:21 AM Post #2949 |
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Unicellular Organism
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We are using what it should look like, you can debate about who would win yet you say we can't scale it without any doubt of the result. We are using what it should look like. |
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| Canadianwildlife | Jan 25 2014, 05:27 AM Post #2950 |
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Apex Predator
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So because they are convinced makes it a fact? They cannot prove how big it was or what it looked like when the best they have is a jawbone. There have been findings of dinosaurs that were thought to be super huge, but in the end, they found out that some of the bones they used to construct the animal, that were mixed with the dinos bones turned out to be the bones of a pig, I can't remember where I got the source. Spinosaurous is guesswork, and that is a fact. |
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| Canadianwildlife | Jan 25 2014, 05:30 AM Post #2951 |
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Apex Predator
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I'm not talking about size, what I meant about the contender thing is that we know what it looks like, sorry if I worded it weirdly. How can spinosaurous compete with t-rex if we don't even know what spino looked like, or how big it was. Again, all they can do is guess, that's it. Edited by Canadianwildlife, Jan 25 2014, 05:31 AM.
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| Ausar | Jan 25 2014, 05:32 AM Post #2952 |
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Xi-miqa-can! Xi-miqa-can! Xi-miqa-can!
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It makes it all the more likely. |
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| spinosaurus rex | Jan 25 2014, 05:34 AM Post #2953 |
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Carnivore
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the majority of paleontology is guesswork. and its been known that using relatives to determined what the creature would look like worked before. even through proportions. the reason people are convinced that spinosaurus is a single species is because its the most likely outcome. any way, I'm done discussing about this. your not going to end the entire thread due to your claims of spinosaurus not being a singular species, despite being universally accepted as its own taxon. |
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| Canadianwildlife | Jan 25 2014, 05:34 AM Post #2954 |
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Apex Predator
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No, they are are using what they think it looks like, and what they GUESS it looks like. I even showed a few friends all the evidence for what spinosaurous looked like, and they even said the same thing I did, its all guesswrok, and what it really looked like cannot be proven. |
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| Canadianwildlife | Jan 25 2014, 05:36 AM Post #2955 |
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Apex Predator
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It doesn't change anything, I could find a vultures skeleton, and guess it was an eagles, and most people could agree with me, and yet that doesn't change the fact that it's a vultures skeleton, bad example I know, but you get what I'm saying. Agreeing doesn't change anything. |
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