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| Spinosaurus aegyptiacus v Tyrannosaurus rex | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM (459,362 Views) | |
| Wolf Eagle | Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM Post #1 |
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M E G A P H Y S E T E R
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Tyrannosaurus rex Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex (rex meaning "king" in Latin), commonly abbreviated to T. rex, is a fixture in popular culture. It lived throughout what is now western North America, with a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, 67 to 65.5 million years ago.[1] It was among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Like other tyrannosaurids, Tyrannosaurus was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced by a long, heavy tail. Relative to the large and powerful hindlimbs, Tyrannosaurus forelimbs were small, though unusually powerful for their size, and bore two clawed digits. Although other theropods rivaled or exceeded Tyrannosaurus rex in size, it was the largest known tyrannosaurid and one of the largest known land predators. By far the largest carnivore in its environment, Tyrannosaurus rex may have been an apex predator, preying upon hadrosaurs and ceratopsians, although some experts have suggested it was primarily a scavenger. The debate over Tyrannosaurus as apex predator or scavenger is among the longest running in paleontology. Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest land carnivores of all time; the largest complete specimen, FMNH PR2081 ("Sue"), measured 12.8 metres (42 ft) long, and was 4.0 metres (13.1 ft) tall at the hips. Mass estimates have varied widely over the years, from more than 7.2 metric tons (7.9 short tons), to less than 4.5 metric tons (5.0 short tons), with most modern estimates ranging between 5.4 and 6.8 metric tons (6.0 and 7.5 short tons). Packard et al. (2009) tested dinosaur mass estimation procedures on elephants and concluded that dinosaur estimations are flawed and produce over-estimations; thus, the weight of Tyrannosaurus could be much less than usually estimated. Other estimations have concluded that the largest known Tyrannosaurus specimens had a weight exceeding 9 tonnes. ![]() Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Spinosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived in what is now North Africa, from the lower Albian to lower Cenomanian stages of the Cretaceous period, about 112 to 97 million years ago. Spinosaurus may be the largest of all known carnivorous dinosaurs, even larger than Tyrannosaurus and Giganotosaurus. Estimates published in 2005 and 2007 suggest that it was 12.6 to 18 metres (41 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 20.9 tonnes (7.7 to 23.0 short tons) in weight. The skull of Spinosaurus was long and narrow like that of a modern crocodilian. Spinosaurus is thought to have eaten fish; evidence suggests that it lived both on land and in water like a modern crocodilian. The distinctive spines of Spinosaurus, which were long extensions of the vertebrae, grew to at least 1.65 meters (5.4 ft) long and were likely to have had skin connecting them, forming a sail-like structure, although some authors have suggested that the spines were covered in fat and formed a hump. Multiple functions have been put forward for this structure, including thermoregulation and display. Dal Sasso et al. (2005) assumed that Spinosaurus and Suchomimus had the same body proportions in relation to their skull lengths, and thereby calculated that Spinosaurus was 16 to 18 meters (52 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 9 tonnes (7.7 to 9.9 short tons) in weight. The Dal Sasso et al. estimates were criticized because the skull length estimate was uncertain, and (assuming that body mass increases as the cube of body length) scaling Suchomimus which was 11 meters (36 ft) long and 3.8 tonnes (4.2 short tons) in mass to the range of estimated lengths of Spinosaurus would produce an estimated body mass of 11.7 to 16.7 tonnes (12.9 to 18.4 short tons).
Edited by Taipan, Apr 24 2015, 10:10 PM.
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| theropod | Sep 1 2012, 04:02 AM Post #286 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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there are many cases of skulls reconstructed too large. basing on something I wouldn´t reconstruct a fragmentary skull larger than that of an animal with at least two elements that are far larger. Edited by theropod, Sep 1 2012, 04:03 AM.
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| Fragillimus335 | Sep 1 2012, 08:33 AM Post #287 |
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Omnivore
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Spinosaurus was around ~18-19 meters long and 18 tons in weight. A Spino like MSNM V4047 with a ~1.8-2 meter skull should have a body roughly 10 times longer. This ratio is found in all other Spinosaurids. It might sound like too much for everyone who loves T-rex (I like him too), but it is the most reliable method for estimating its size, so we all have to accept it. Please, if you disagree don't just say nu-uh spino was 9 tons tell me why. Also binocular vision means absolutely nothing in a fight, and all spino would have to do is tilt its head down a couple degrees to see over its snout. If you want a good accurate spino-rex comparison take a look at my deviantart page, Fragillimu335 i can't get it to show up here. |
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| SpinoInWonderland | Sep 1 2012, 10:39 AM Post #288 |
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The madness has come back...
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Sue's skull measures 141 cm, that skull measures 150 cm, Sue measures 12.3 meters long So if the rest of the body is scaled in the same way, assuming that this Tyrannosaurus isn't simply big-headed, the entire body of that Tyrannosaurus would be ~13.09 meters long, with a mass of ~7.224 tonnes...still below Carcharodontosaurus, let alone Spinosaurus... |
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| Fragillimus335 | Sep 1 2012, 02:03 PM Post #289 |
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Omnivore
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A 13.1 meter tyrannosaurus would probably weigh closer to ~8 tons 13.1/12.5=1.15 1.15x7=8 tons. Still far smaller than Spinosaurus at 16+ tons, but close to Giganotosaurus at ~9 tons. |
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| Verdugo | Sep 1 2012, 04:07 PM Post #290 |
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Large Carnivores Enthusiast
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_ Really ??. Suchomimus looks like only has 1 degree of binocular vision. What makes you think that Spinosaurus would need binocular vision to hunt fish ?. Spino has a special sense to capture the vibration of fish (showed in Planet Dinosaur). And you can look at modern crocodile, crocodiles dont have binocular vision but they use the same special sense like Spino to catch fish in the muddy water at DARK night !. That sense used for catching fish is far more effective than binocular vision _ Yes, crocs are effective hunter. But they are ambush hunter not like the one you see in other predators like wolf, lion, tiger.... . When you chase down something, it's necessary for you to have binocular vision. Just like T rex chases down a Hadrosaur or go hunting dangerous prey like Ceratopians and Ankylosaur. One good example: T rex hunts Ceratopians, Ankylosaur has binocular vision while Tarbosaurus envoled to hunt Sauropod lacked of binocular vision _ Ok, you know why i believe a bunch of unconfirmed T rex specimens but not believe that 2,4m long Spino skull ???. Those specimens i believe only a few percentage bigger than Sue. So what's the problem with that 2,4m skull ?. Spino with a 1,75m long skull has the max estimation to be around 18m and 17 tons. If you use the 2,4m long skull to scale up, Spino would be 24,7m long and weighs up to 44 TONS !!!! (using square cube law). A 44 TONS BIPEDALl ACTIVE carnivore sounds resonable to you ???. Seriously ??? |
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| SpinoInWonderland | Sep 1 2012, 04:47 PM Post #291 |
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The madness has come back...
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No, it didn't evolve to hunt sauropods, it doesn't have the gape and super sharp teeth of carnosaurs |
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| Superpredator | Sep 1 2012, 04:48 PM Post #292 |
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Apex Predator
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I don't think Sauropods even lived with Tarbosaurus! |
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| 7Alx | Sep 1 2012, 04:59 PM Post #293 |
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Herbivore
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Nemegtosaurus and Opisthocoelicaudia, which are found in Nemegt formation, which there is most Tarbosaurus skeletons. But the sauropods are small. First one measure only 7 m, second one 12 m in length. |
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| Superpredator | Sep 1 2012, 05:00 PM Post #294 |
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Apex Predator
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Oh, but I don't consider that an impressive kill when this predator reached (or got close to) 12m. |
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| Jinfengopteryx | Sep 1 2012, 07:06 PM Post #295 |
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Aspiring paleontologist, science enthusiast and armchair speculative fiction/evolution writer
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Why's that below carch? I tought it is only 13m long. |
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| theropod | Sep 2 2012, 02:53 AM Post #296 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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-Crocs also attack terrestrial prey, and so did both carnosaurus and megalosaurus. -And I don´t believe in those T. rex specimens that don´t have more credential than horners claims about spinosaurus specimens he has estimated because many of them have previously been proven to be actually not larger than sue, and imo there has so far always been a more likely explanation for them. that 2,4m skull would make spino 18m or more even assuming a proportionally much larger head. it actually doesn´t need it at all to be that lenght, buth it´s confirmed existence would roam out every doubt about it really being that large. 18m is absolutely enough for me, and I don´t believe it would have been larger than that, but you can´t use a spinosaurus skeletal with a proportionally very large head and then claim it would debunk the 18m estimates |
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| theropod | Sep 2 2012, 02:55 AM Post #297 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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C. saharicus, C. iguidensis was likely larger. And we cant even be sure about this skulls real size, sue was also claimed to have a 1,54m skull. |
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| Jinfengopteryx | Sep 2 2012, 02:59 AM Post #298 |
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Aspiring paleontologist, science enthusiast and armchair speculative fiction/evolution writer
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For the people who are still sceptical to the 16-18m estimate, I can give a source8(f this was posted before, I'm sorry).
http://www.reocities.com/Athens/bridge/4602/spinoskull.pdf Edited by Jinfengopteryx, Sep 2 2012, 03:00 AM.
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| theropod | Sep 2 2012, 03:10 AM Post #299 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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I´m sceptical about that weight figure tough, it seems to be one of the ultra-light estimates that were common some time ago (see also 3t for 14m saurophaganax and 4,5t for T. rex). |
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| Jinfengopteryx | Sep 2 2012, 03:12 AM Post #300 |
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Aspiring paleontologist, science enthusiast and armchair speculative fiction/evolution writer
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I know that's low, especially 7t, but 9t could fit the 16m figure imo. |
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