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| Spinosaurus aegyptiacus v Tyrannosaurus rex | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM (459,330 Views) | |
| Wolf Eagle | Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM Post #1 |
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M E G A P H Y S E T E R
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Tyrannosaurus rex Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex (rex meaning "king" in Latin), commonly abbreviated to T. rex, is a fixture in popular culture. It lived throughout what is now western North America, with a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, 67 to 65.5 million years ago.[1] It was among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Like other tyrannosaurids, Tyrannosaurus was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced by a long, heavy tail. Relative to the large and powerful hindlimbs, Tyrannosaurus forelimbs were small, though unusually powerful for their size, and bore two clawed digits. Although other theropods rivaled or exceeded Tyrannosaurus rex in size, it was the largest known tyrannosaurid and one of the largest known land predators. By far the largest carnivore in its environment, Tyrannosaurus rex may have been an apex predator, preying upon hadrosaurs and ceratopsians, although some experts have suggested it was primarily a scavenger. The debate over Tyrannosaurus as apex predator or scavenger is among the longest running in paleontology. Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest land carnivores of all time; the largest complete specimen, FMNH PR2081 ("Sue"), measured 12.8 metres (42 ft) long, and was 4.0 metres (13.1 ft) tall at the hips. Mass estimates have varied widely over the years, from more than 7.2 metric tons (7.9 short tons), to less than 4.5 metric tons (5.0 short tons), with most modern estimates ranging between 5.4 and 6.8 metric tons (6.0 and 7.5 short tons). Packard et al. (2009) tested dinosaur mass estimation procedures on elephants and concluded that dinosaur estimations are flawed and produce over-estimations; thus, the weight of Tyrannosaurus could be much less than usually estimated. Other estimations have concluded that the largest known Tyrannosaurus specimens had a weight exceeding 9 tonnes. ![]() Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Spinosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived in what is now North Africa, from the lower Albian to lower Cenomanian stages of the Cretaceous period, about 112 to 97 million years ago. Spinosaurus may be the largest of all known carnivorous dinosaurs, even larger than Tyrannosaurus and Giganotosaurus. Estimates published in 2005 and 2007 suggest that it was 12.6 to 18 metres (41 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 20.9 tonnes (7.7 to 23.0 short tons) in weight. The skull of Spinosaurus was long and narrow like that of a modern crocodilian. Spinosaurus is thought to have eaten fish; evidence suggests that it lived both on land and in water like a modern crocodilian. The distinctive spines of Spinosaurus, which were long extensions of the vertebrae, grew to at least 1.65 meters (5.4 ft) long and were likely to have had skin connecting them, forming a sail-like structure, although some authors have suggested that the spines were covered in fat and formed a hump. Multiple functions have been put forward for this structure, including thermoregulation and display. Dal Sasso et al. (2005) assumed that Spinosaurus and Suchomimus had the same body proportions in relation to their skull lengths, and thereby calculated that Spinosaurus was 16 to 18 meters (52 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 9 tonnes (7.7 to 9.9 short tons) in weight. The Dal Sasso et al. estimates were criticized because the skull length estimate was uncertain, and (assuming that body mass increases as the cube of body length) scaling Suchomimus which was 11 meters (36 ft) long and 3.8 tonnes (4.2 short tons) in mass to the range of estimated lengths of Spinosaurus would produce an estimated body mass of 11.7 to 16.7 tonnes (12.9 to 18.4 short tons).
Edited by Taipan, Apr 24 2015, 10:10 PM.
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| Gecko | Oct 9 2012, 12:25 AM Post #766 |
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Autotrophic Organism
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Fossilization isn't going to dramatically change the weight. If anything I would think living bone would weight more than a fossil anyway. |
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| SpinoInWonderland | Oct 9 2012, 12:39 AM Post #767 |
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The madness has come back...
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That doesn't even make sense! Fossils are made of minerals which are more dense than bone... |
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| Gecko | Oct 9 2012, 12:50 AM Post #768 |
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Autotrophic Organism
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Being denser doesn't always equal being heavier. Living bone is pretty heavy... |
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| Fragillimus335 | Oct 9 2012, 01:18 AM Post #769 |
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Omnivore
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No,No,No man you are seriously wrong on this point, fossilized bone is like 2-3 times as heavy as real bone!!! Look it up. And BTW, denser does=heavier. |
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| Gecko | Oct 9 2012, 01:54 AM Post #770 |
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Autotrophic Organism
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Source then? I googled it and couldn't find anything other than they're probably of comparable weight. |
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| theropod | Oct 9 2012, 02:32 AM Post #771 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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Even assuming it was as fat as in the "skinniest reconstruction" and really 9,1t, this would still mean we are imagining other theropods too light as well. But I still think even the skinniest one is exagerated in bulk |
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| Fragillimus335 | Oct 9 2012, 03:18 AM Post #772 |
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Omnivore
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I literally went to paleontology class 20 min before I posted that comment, and we were learning about the differences between fossil bone and living bone. It's pretty much common sense that stone is much heavier than bone. Edited by Fragillimus335, Oct 9 2012, 03:21 AM.
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| theropod | Oct 9 2012, 03:32 AM Post #773 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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common sense and there cannot be any denial that at aproximately the same volume bone is much lighter than stone. gecko, serriously, being denser does equal being heavier in this case. why don you think have people been building their arrowtips of bone and antler and not of stone? being lighter! I have been constructing primitive weapons for quite a long time now and I can confirm that that is true. if you would replace some of the bone points on my arrows with ones made of flint they would be completely different. |
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| Shaochilong | Oct 9 2012, 03:44 AM Post #774 |
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Herbivore
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Fossilized bone is significantly heavier than living bone. Denser = heavier. To say otherwise is ridiculous. |
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| Gecko | Oct 9 2012, 04:28 AM Post #775 |
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Autotrophic Organism
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My mistake, you're right fossilized bone do weight more. But fossilization causes the bone to double or even triple in weight? Edited by Gecko, Oct 9 2012, 04:33 AM.
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| theropod | Oct 9 2012, 04:33 AM Post #776 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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average bone density is 1500kg/m³ density of slate: 2800kg/m³ a significant difference |
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| theropod | Oct 9 2012, 04:36 AM Post #777 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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then add this to possible airsacs/ pneumatic cavitys that might be filled up with sediments... |
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| Gecko | Oct 9 2012, 04:37 AM Post #778 |
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Autotrophic Organism
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Fossils aren't purely slate are they? We have found soft tissues in them, haven't we? |
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| theropod | Oct 9 2012, 04:44 AM Post #779 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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that does not mean they don´t have the density of the surrounding material. from my expierience most fossils do seem to have a rather higher density than the stone they are in, and soft tissues just like everything else in a FOSSIL is fossilized. frgaillimus ought to know more about this, I have never had that much interest in geology, but they are certainly not very different from the surrounding minerals in terms of density |
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| Fragillimus335 | Oct 9 2012, 12:30 PM Post #780 |
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Omnivore
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Yes, they are quite similar to the rock they fossilize in. No bone has ever been found with significant preserved soft tissue, despite what the media says. Fossil bones often weigh 2 times as much as living bone, and the vey thin walled, pneumatic theropod bones would show an even greater difference. |
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