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| Spinosaurus aegyptiacus v Tyrannosaurus rex | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM (459,287 Views) | |
| Wolf Eagle | Jan 7 2012, 02:16 AM Post #1 |
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M E G A P H Y S E T E R
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Tyrannosaurus rex Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex (rex meaning "king" in Latin), commonly abbreviated to T. rex, is a fixture in popular culture. It lived throughout what is now western North America, with a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, 67 to 65.5 million years ago.[1] It was among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Like other tyrannosaurids, Tyrannosaurus was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced by a long, heavy tail. Relative to the large and powerful hindlimbs, Tyrannosaurus forelimbs were small, though unusually powerful for their size, and bore two clawed digits. Although other theropods rivaled or exceeded Tyrannosaurus rex in size, it was the largest known tyrannosaurid and one of the largest known land predators. By far the largest carnivore in its environment, Tyrannosaurus rex may have been an apex predator, preying upon hadrosaurs and ceratopsians, although some experts have suggested it was primarily a scavenger. The debate over Tyrannosaurus as apex predator or scavenger is among the longest running in paleontology. Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest land carnivores of all time; the largest complete specimen, FMNH PR2081 ("Sue"), measured 12.8 metres (42 ft) long, and was 4.0 metres (13.1 ft) tall at the hips. Mass estimates have varied widely over the years, from more than 7.2 metric tons (7.9 short tons), to less than 4.5 metric tons (5.0 short tons), with most modern estimates ranging between 5.4 and 6.8 metric tons (6.0 and 7.5 short tons). Packard et al. (2009) tested dinosaur mass estimation procedures on elephants and concluded that dinosaur estimations are flawed and produce over-estimations; thus, the weight of Tyrannosaurus could be much less than usually estimated. Other estimations have concluded that the largest known Tyrannosaurus specimens had a weight exceeding 9 tonnes. ![]() Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Spinosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived in what is now North Africa, from the lower Albian to lower Cenomanian stages of the Cretaceous period, about 112 to 97 million years ago. Spinosaurus may be the largest of all known carnivorous dinosaurs, even larger than Tyrannosaurus and Giganotosaurus. Estimates published in 2005 and 2007 suggest that it was 12.6 to 18 metres (41 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 20.9 tonnes (7.7 to 23.0 short tons) in weight. The skull of Spinosaurus was long and narrow like that of a modern crocodilian. Spinosaurus is thought to have eaten fish; evidence suggests that it lived both on land and in water like a modern crocodilian. The distinctive spines of Spinosaurus, which were long extensions of the vertebrae, grew to at least 1.65 meters (5.4 ft) long and were likely to have had skin connecting them, forming a sail-like structure, although some authors have suggested that the spines were covered in fat and formed a hump. Multiple functions have been put forward for this structure, including thermoregulation and display. Dal Sasso et al. (2005) assumed that Spinosaurus and Suchomimus had the same body proportions in relation to their skull lengths, and thereby calculated that Spinosaurus was 16 to 18 meters (52 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 9 tonnes (7.7 to 9.9 short tons) in weight. The Dal Sasso et al. estimates were criticized because the skull length estimate was uncertain, and (assuming that body mass increases as the cube of body length) scaling Suchomimus which was 11 meters (36 ft) long and 3.8 tonnes (4.2 short tons) in mass to the range of estimated lengths of Spinosaurus would produce an estimated body mass of 11.7 to 16.7 tonnes (12.9 to 18.4 short tons).
Edited by Taipan, Apr 24 2015, 10:10 PM.
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| theropod | Jan 14 2013, 12:02 AM Post #1411 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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Why did he then write 95cm on the caption of the fossil? |
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| SpinoInWonderland | Jan 14 2013, 12:05 AM Post #1412 |
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The madness has come back...
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It was probably measured differently |
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| theropod | Jan 14 2013, 12:05 AM Post #1413 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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btw, does anyone know whether Stromers paper is available online anywhere? |
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| SpinoInWonderland | Jan 14 2013, 12:06 AM Post #1414 |
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The madness has come back...
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I for sure don't. I tried searching for it but I couldn't find it |
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| theropod | Jan 14 2013, 12:21 AM Post #1415 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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Me too, but appearantly MysteryMeat has some screenshots of it... |
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| blaze | Jan 14 2013, 12:22 AM Post #1416 |
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Carnivore
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Yeah, I remembered that some time after posting the question haha mmm I'm still skeptical, a 1.2-1.3m head in the body of the Spinosaurus holotype looks ridicously small to me IMOH and I still don't understand what is it "95cm" doing in the plates. if the length was reported as over "75cm". Edited by blaze, Jan 14 2013, 12:24 AM.
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| theropod | Jan 14 2013, 12:22 AM Post #1417 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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| theropod | Jan 14 2013, 12:24 AM Post #1418 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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if the dentary was really just 75cm, the spinosaurus holotype has a skull about the size of Suchomimus, in an animal far larger than that when going by the vertebrae. |
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| MysteryMeat | Jan 14 2013, 03:23 AM Post #1419 |
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Herbivore
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I go to wikipedia pages and look through the reference list. I downloaded the pdf a long time ago, the site has since gone down. I can send you the pdf if you want. |
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| theropod | Jan 14 2013, 03:31 AM Post #1420 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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That would be really nice! My mail adress in on my website and my profile page.
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| theropod | Jan 14 2013, 04:28 AM Post #1421 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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MysteryMeat has sent me the paper. It really seems 75cm is correct as Stromer has given lots of measurements that all fit this better (the front edge of the symphysis at 10cm, the complete dentary at ~80cm, even the total mandible lenght of ~120cm). |
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| Kurtz | Jan 14 2013, 04:33 AM Post #1422 |
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Kleptoparasite
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yes, but the nose of Spinosaurus seems too specialized for some kind of prey, i don't think was a fighter
Edited by Kurtz, Jan 14 2013, 04:35 AM.
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| theropod | Jan 14 2013, 04:40 AM Post #1423 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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The nose of Spinosaurus? kinda reminds me of another funny incident with google translator
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| Kurtz | Jan 14 2013, 05:02 AM Post #1424 |
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Kleptoparasite
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yes the nose, it had only an enormous nose Edited by Kurtz, Jan 14 2013, 05:03 AM.
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| theropod | Jan 14 2013, 05:04 AM Post #1425 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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You mean the rostrum/snout, not the nose. Spinosaurus didn have a "nose", it had nasals, it certainly had an olfactory area and it had nares, but it didn have a "nose", which is the external protrusion of cartilage and the nasals. |
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My mail adress in on my website and my profile page.
kinda reminds me of another funny incident with google translator
2:23 AM Jul 14