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| Giganotosaurus carolinii v Tyrannosaurus rex | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Jan 31 2012, 05:48 PM (110,344 Views) | |
| Taipan | Jan 31 2012, 05:48 PM Post #1 |
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Giganotosaurus carolinii Giganotosaurus ("giant southern lizard"), was a carcharodontosaurid dinosaur that lived 93 to 89 million years ago during the Turonian stage of the Late Cretaceous period. It is one of the longest known terrestrial carnivores, bigger than Tyrannosaurus, but in length and weight, smaller than Spinosaurus. Although longer than T. rex, G. carolinii was lighter and had a much smaller braincase that was the size and shape of a banana. A well-developed olfactory region means it probably had a good sense of smell. Titanosaur fossils have been recovered near the remains of Giganotosaurus, leading to speculation that these carnivores may have preyed on the giant herbivores. Fossils of related carcharodontosaurid fossils grouped closely together may indicate pack hunting, a behavior that could possibly extend to Giganotosaurus itself. he holotype specimen's (MUCPv-Ch1) skeleton was about 70% complete and included parts of the skull, a lower jaw, pelvis, hindlimbs and most of the backbone. The premaxillae, jugals, quadratojugals, the back of the lower jaws and the forelimbs are missing. Various estimates find that it measured somewhere between 12.2 and 13 m (40 and 43 ft) in length, and between 6.5 and 13.3 tons in weight. A second, more fragmentary, specimen (MUCPv-95) has also been identified, found in 1987 by Jorge Calvo. It is only known from the front part of the left dentary which is 8% larger than the equivalent bone from the holotype. This largest Giganotosaurus specimen is estimated to represent an individual with a skull length of 195 cm (6.40 ft), compared to the holotype's estimated at 1.80 m (5.9 ft) skull, making it likely that Giganotosaurus had the largest skull of any known theropod. Giganotosaurus surpassed Tyrannosaurus in mass by at least half a ton (the upper size estimate for T. rex is 9.1 t). Additionally several single teeth, discovered from 1987 onwards, have been referred to the species. ![]() Tyrannosaurus rex Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex (rex meaning "king" in Latin), commonly abbreviated to T. rex, is a fixture in popular culture. It lived throughout what is now western North America, with a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, 67 to 65.5 million years ago. It was among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Like other tyrannosaurids, Tyrannosaurus was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced by a long, heavy tail. Relative to the large and powerful hindlimbs, Tyrannosaurus forelimbs were small, though unusually powerful for their size, and bore two clawed digits. Although other theropods rivaled or exceeded Tyrannosaurus rex in size, it was the largest known tyrannosaurid and one of the largest known land predators. By far the largest carnivore in its environment, Tyrannosaurus rex may have been an apex predator, preying upon hadrosaurs and ceratopsians, although some experts have suggested it was primarily a scavenger. The debate over Tyrannosaurus as apex predator or scavenger is among the longest running in paleontology. Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest land carnivores of all time; the largest complete specimen, FMNH PR2081 ("Sue"), measured 12.8 metres (42 ft) long, and was 4.0 metres (13.1 ft) tall at the hips. Mass estimates have varied widely over the years, from more than 7.2 metric tons (7.9 short tons), to less than 4.5 metric tons (5.0 short tons), with most modern estimates ranging between 5.4 and 6.8 metric tons (6.0 and 7.5 short tons). Packard et al. (2009) tested dinosaur mass estimation procedures on elephants and concluded that dinosaur estimations are flawed and produce over-estimations; thus, the weight of Tyrannosaurus could be much less than usually estimated. Other estimations have concluded that the largest known Tyrannosaurus specimens had a weight exceeding 9 tonnes. ![]() ______________________________________________________________________________
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| theropod | Jun 12 2013, 04:48 AM Post #166 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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I am doing the exact same thing as you. You are using it to deduce T. rex was wider, don't you? Yet at the same time you cannot accept the density.
If you cannot cope with that, you don't have to respond. But you doubt the consistency of density estimates from one and the same study, because it would make sue less dense than stan. Think about that, do you think that is better than doubting the consistency of mounts from different museums, with different amounts of credential, made by different people?
I do, at least I doubt it is wise to assume so since we are basing it on widths in different mounts, all of which are flawed to some extend.
You cannot seriously disagree that they gave their Stan a huge amount of flesh but didn't do so with Acrocanthosaurus.
What I cannot see is what this has to do with the comparison FMNH PR 2081 / MUCPv-95.
And have I ever suggested we should use that density? All I said was sue was conservatively about 12% less dense than Acrocanthosaurus (It is a bit more with the exact figures but I rounded because precise figures are rather pointless anyway), even more when taking Allosaurus. That the estimates in the different studies weren't exactly the same doesn't change that. Hence what I doubt is your assumption that a carnosaur would be that much lighter than a similar-sized tyrannosaur, size in this case referring to lenght, or torso lenght if you will, that even when it is a good deal longer it still cannot be heavier. |
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| 7Alx | Jun 12 2013, 05:10 AM Post #167 |
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Herbivore
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If you don't trust in 13.4-13.6 m Mapusaurus because the pubic shaft is larger by few centimeters than in MUCPv-ch1 like you said few day ago. You shouldn't think MUCPv-95 being 13.5+ m. There is also few centimeters if not few milimeters difference in their dentaries (e.g 135 mm vs 138 mm at narrowest point). Edited by 7Alx, Jun 12 2013, 05:16 AM.
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| Big G | Jun 12 2013, 05:21 AM Post #168 |
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Herbivore
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I believe in a Mapusaurus of 13.4-13.6 meters, I would say that some measures are too reductive, I think even 14 meters. Mapusaurus and Giganotosaurus were both 13.5m +, maybe approaching to 14m. I write this: http://carnivoraforum.com/blog/entry/3928577/46878/ Where do I say that Mapusaurus was 13-14 meters. Edited by Big G, Jun 12 2013, 05:25 AM.
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| 7Alx | Jun 12 2013, 05:31 AM Post #169 |
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Herbivore
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But Mapusaurus holotype is MCF-PVPH-108.1 and the largest specimen may be MCF-PVPH-108.145 |
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| Spinodontosaurus | Jun 12 2013, 09:53 PM Post #170 |
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Herbivore
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It isn't that I don't 'accept the density', it is that I don't consider it sensible to directly compare said density with ones achieved elsewhere, for reasons I have stated.
The issue isn't with Sue's density.
They did. But from I can tell, this is because the way the bones were positioned made it necessary. As I said, the alternate would have been along the lines of Greg Paul's Tyrannosaurus skeletal that is shown a few posts above.
Because Stan/Acrocanthosaurus are similar in dimensional size, so they are a relevant reference point.
No, that isn't my point. I used such a low density because it would make Stan as light as possible, so is sort of a 'worst-case scenario' estimate. I.e. even making a Tyrannosaurus less dense than has ever been suggested, it still come out as comparable in size to a carcharodontosaurid of roughly comparable dimensions. |
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| theropod | Jun 12 2013, 11:16 PM Post #171 |
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palaeontology, open source and survival enthusiast
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And I don't think Giganotosaurus was the same dimensional size as FMNH PR 2081. So you accept Giganotosaurus was the denser animal? The bunch of tissue ventral to the dorsal ribs is by far not as large in skeletals like Hartman's: http://scotthartman.deviantart.com/art/A-T-rex-named-Stan-Version-3-0-125137798 Also, he shows a comparable amount in Acrocanthosaurus: http://scotthartman.deviantart.com/art/High-Spined-Reptile-127659068 I do prefer these reconstructions over the moutns for obvious reasons. In the scanned skeletals, the ribs were more or less wrongly mounted, and while giving Stan the aforementioned belly they didn't do the same with Acrocanthosaurus and left basically no space for its gastralia, neither did they recontruct notable muscle mass along the neural spines. With stan on the other hand, they did include a lot of tissue below the ribs, more than necessary (despite the ribcage already being inflated). Therefore I think the volume of Stan's model was seriously overestimated, both in comparison with their Acrocanthosaurus and in absolute terms. |
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| Big G | Jun 18 2013, 06:16 AM Post #172 |
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Herbivore
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The era of Tyrannosaurus as a "winner because the stronger" is over. http://mambobob-raptorsnest.blogspot.it/2010/06/new-paper-media-response.html "Carcharodontosaurus and Giganotosaurus have always been compared to Tyrannosaurus and people commonly said, 'well Giganotosaurus may have been bigger but T. rex would have ripped its head off!'. Now my study confirms that Tyrannosaurus is a high-efficiency biter but it also shows that carcharodontosaurs had higher efficiency at the back of the tooth row than Tyrannosaurus. That's kind of contrary to what a lot of people have suggested in the past; for instance, Carcharodontosaurus doesn't have strong enough dentition for powerful biting (don't ask me for the source because I don't know; it's one of those 'what palaeontologists have long suspected' type statements that I really don't know where it originated). So personally, I think we should be putting more focus on carcharodontosaur functional morphology." Now I think Giganotosaurus take this to 60%. Edited by Big G, Jun 18 2013, 06:17 AM.
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| Jinfengopteryx | Jun 18 2013, 06:32 PM Post #173 |
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Aspiring paleontologist, science enthusiast and armchair speculative fiction/evolution writer
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This proves that carcharodontosaurids had a higher efficiency at the back of the tooth row, but why does this prove that their bite was better? It also said that Tyrannosaurus was an efficient biter. |
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| Big G | Jun 18 2013, 06:41 PM Post #174 |
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Herbivore
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But this proves that Giganotosaurus had a bite compared to those of Tyrannosaurus. |
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| Jinfengopteryx | Jun 18 2013, 06:57 PM Post #175 |
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Aspiring paleontologist, science enthusiast and armchair speculative fiction/evolution writer
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Not at all, it actually shows that they are different. Gigantosaurus was more efficient at the back of the tooth row, while Tyrannosaurus was overall quite efficient. The bites are not really comparable. |
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| SpinoInWonderland | Jun 18 2013, 07:00 PM Post #176 |
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The madness has come back...
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It was over a long time ago, people just seem to like sticking to the ghosts of the past. A sauropod had a more effective bite at the rear section of the teeth?
Edited by SpinoInWonderland, Jun 18 2013, 07:02 PM.
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| Big G | Jun 18 2013, 07:08 PM Post #177 |
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Herbivore
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I wanted to say that they have comparable strength. |
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| Jinfengopteryx | Jun 18 2013, 07:34 PM Post #178 |
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Aspiring paleontologist, science enthusiast and armchair speculative fiction/evolution writer
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You mean in terms of bite force? This was only about efficiency and not about bite force. |
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| Jinfengopteryx | Jun 18 2013, 07:35 PM Post #179 |
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Aspiring paleontologist, science enthusiast and armchair speculative fiction/evolution writer
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It is just incredible how intolerant you are towards typing errors. |
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| Big G | Jun 18 2013, 07:39 PM Post #180 |
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Herbivore
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Now I understand well: I wanted to say that the jaws of Giganotosaurus are not weak and inefficient compared to those of Tyrannosaurus. |
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