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Spotted Hyena / Leopard Account compilation; Including the full story behind the 'Leopard kill' image!
Topic Started: May 11 2012, 12:12 AM (30,785 Views)
Red Dog


Canidae
Sep 13 2012, 03:23 AM
Kurtz
Sep 12 2012, 07:48 PM
@ Canidae
Yes.
The spots on the fur of the hyena can vary even due to specimens and subspecies.
Surely that female hyena is fully grown and not smaller than Tugwan male leopard(about 70 kilos).

@ Marc

Is that account from Mala Mala?
In Hans Kruuk's book he found hyaena spots fade and become less clear / numerous with age, like a human's head of hair goes grey. That individual had big, blotchy black ones.
However, temperment / aggression is affected by clan rank, so it was likely the daughter of a high ranking female / matriach.
Adult male hyenas are more likely to be alone than adult female hyenas. Additionally, high ranking or dominant female hyenas are among the least likely to be alone than other adult hyenas.

Source: JENNIFER E. SMITH, JOSEPH M. KOLOWSKI, KATHARINE E. GRAHAM,
STEPHANIE E. DAWES & KAY E. HOLEKAMP, "Social and ecological determinants of fissionefusion
dynamics in the spotted hyaena", ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR, 2008, 76, 619e636
doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.05.001


However, reproductively mature natal males were significantly
more likely to be alone than were either adult females
(Z¼3.31, P ¼ 0.006) or weaned, prereproductive natal
males (Z¼2.99, P ¼ 0.014). By contrast, adult females
were no more likely to be alone than were weaned,
prereproductive females (Z¼1.13, P ¼ 0.52). On average,
immigrant males (N ¼ 67) were found alone during a significantly
greater proportion of their sessions (21.2  1.5%)
than were adult females (N ¼ 84, 15.8  1.3%, Manne
Whitney U test: Z ¼ 3.21, P ¼ 0.001). Within each sex,
low-ranking adults were also found alone significantly
more often than were high-ranking individuals (Spearman
rank correlation: rS ¼ 0.77 and 0.85, N ¼ 24 and 18 rank positions,
for adult females and immigrant males, respectively,
P < 0.00001 for both; Fig. 3b).


The study gives percentages showing highest ranking female hyenas are alone about 11% of the the time while lower ranking male and female hyenas may be alone up to 25%-30% of the time. Matriarch hyena lower tendency of being alone and relatively small portion of hyena populations makes it unlikely many one on one encounters with male leopards involve matriarchs IMHO.
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Kurtz
Kleptoparasite
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;) Good for Matriarchs
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Canidae
Member Avatar
Omnivore
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Reddhole
Sep 13 2012, 03:44 AM
Canidae
Sep 13 2012, 03:23 AM
Kurtz
Sep 12 2012, 07:48 PM
@ Canidae
Yes.
The spots on the fur of the hyena can vary even due to specimens and subspecies.
Surely that female hyena is fully grown and not smaller than Tugwan male leopard(about 70 kilos).

@ Marc

Is that account from Mala Mala?
In Hans Kruuk's book he found hyaena spots fade and become less clear / numerous with age, like a human's head of hair goes grey. That individual had big, blotchy black ones.
However, temperment / aggression is affected by clan rank, so it was likely the daughter of a high ranking female / matriach.
Adult male hyenas are more likely to be alone than adult female hyenas. Additionally, high ranking or dominant female hyenas are among the least likely to be alone than other adult hyenas.

Source: JENNIFER E. SMITH, JOSEPH M. KOLOWSKI, KATHARINE E. GRAHAM,
STEPHANIE E. DAWES & KAY E. HOLEKAMP, "Social and ecological determinants of fissionefusion
dynamics in the spotted hyaena", ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR, 2008, 76, 619e636
doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.05.001


However, reproductively mature natal males were significantly
more likely to be alone than were either adult females
(Z¼3.31, P ¼ 0.006) or weaned, prereproductive natal
males (Z¼2.99, P ¼ 0.014). By contrast, adult females
were no more likely to be alone than were weaned,
prereproductive females (Z¼1.13, P ¼ 0.52). On average,
immigrant males (N ¼ 67) were found alone during a significantly
greater proportion of their sessions (21.2  1.5%)
than were adult females (N ¼ 84, 15.8  1.3%, Manne
Whitney U test: Z ¼ 3.21, P ¼ 0.001). Within each sex,
low-ranking adults were also found alone significantly
more often than were high-ranking individuals (Spearman
rank correlation: rS ¼ 0.77 and 0.85, N ¼ 24 and 18 rank positions,
for adult females and immigrant males, respectively,
P < 0.00001 for both; Fig. 3b).


The study gives percentages showing highest ranking female hyenas are alone about 11% of the the time while lower ranking male and female hyenas may be alone up to 25%-30% of the time. Matriarch hyena lower tendency of being alone and relatively small portion of hyena populations makes it unlikely many one on one encounters with male leopards involve matriarchs IMHO.
Wow, interesting stuff.
Thanks for the correction Reddhole, guess males can potentially be more aggressive than I thought!
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Kurtz
Kleptoparasite
[ *  *  *  *  *  * ]
Hey Guys
I feel like i have not seen adolescent male spotted hyena of 50 kilograms against powerful male leopard 70 kilograms in this topic.
Am I wrong?
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Red Dog


Kurtz
Sep 13 2012, 04:57 AM
Hey Guys
I feel like i have not seen adolescent male spotted hyena of 50 kilograms against powerful male leopard 70 kilograms in this topic.
Am I wrong?
Makes sense. Pre-reproductive spotted hyenas are alone less than adults. About 15% of the time they are alone. Here is paper(see figure 3 a):

http://people.mills.edu/jesmith/Smith%20et%20al.%202008_Fission-fusion%20dynamics%20in%20hyaenas.pdf

Low-ranking females and males are alone most often.
Edited by Red Dog, Sep 13 2012, 05:06 AM.
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chui
Heterotrophic Organism
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A matriarch hyena could be likened to a fully mature territorial male leopard (7 year plus). Such leopards make up only a fraction of the total population and this should also be borne in mind.

In the following study, fully mature males made up only 8% of the total leopard population and about 28.5% of the adult male (4 year plus) population.

From: "Applicability of Age-Based Hunting Regulations for African Leopards 2012"

Posted Image

Posted Image

As we can see males only reach their physical peak at around 7 years old though they are widely considered adult at age 4 or even 3. Furthermore, unlike some other cats such as cougars which apparently retain the same general proportions (relative head size etc.) regardless of age and sex, male leopards take on more impressive proportions once fully mature.
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Kurtz
Kleptoparasite
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Yes, but the interaction on this topic does not seem to me among hyenas not yet reproductive and leopard or so..
I see hyenas have a weight of not less than 65 kilograms, that female with the Sand river male leopard, even larger than large male leopard.

But what we are interested is the interaction of individual cases we have, you experts of hyenas don't know if they are male or female or the age in accounts of this specific topic??
Edited by Kurtz, Sep 13 2012, 05:14 AM.
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Red Dog


Kurtz
Sep 13 2012, 05:10 AM
Yes, but the interaction on this topic does not seem to me among hyenas not yet reproductive and leopard or so..
I see hyenas have a weight of not less than 65 kilograms, that female with the Sand river male leopard, even larger than large male leopard.

But what we are interested is the interaction of individual cases we have, you experts of hyenas don't know if they are male or female or the age in accounts of this specific topic??
We don't. However, based on hyena numbers and percentage of time alone the interactions are most likely to involve males (especially lower ranking males) and the lowest ranking females.

Just to quantify this. Let's say there is clan of 50 hyenas. 1 matriarch would constitute 2% of the population. Let's say on average, a matriarch is only half as likely to be alone than other hyenas. This would imply there is only a 1% chance of a matriarch challenging a leopard in a one on one confrontation.

Obviously, this is just a rough estimate. However, the point is matriarchs seem less likely to be involved in one on one confrontations than large male leopards.
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Kurtz
Kleptoparasite
[ *  *  *  *  *  * ]
And if the clan is 5 hyenas?
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Kurtz
Kleptoparasite
[ *  *  *  *  *  * ]
Especially the fact that a hyena has moved alone against a leopard does not mean that necessarily go out alone all the time.
Let us assume that a matriarch feel a kill a few dozen feet from her, it may well get away momentarily from the group.
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Jinfengopteryx
Member Avatar
Aspiring paleontologist, science enthusiast and armchair speculative fiction/evolution writer
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Kurtz
Sep 13 2012, 05:38 AM
Especially the fact that a hyena has moved alone against a leopard does not mean that necessarily go out alone all the time.
Well, they can take the risk, because if they get injured by the Leopard, they have other Hyena who can care for them and if it's getting into trouble, it can call them. However, these two, were together:
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Red Dog


Kurtz
Sep 13 2012, 05:29 AM
And if the clan is 5 hyenas?
Well, that is on low end of clan size range:

Across 19 study populations in which all individ-
ual members were known for one or more clans, mean
clan size was 28.8 hyenas, but this ranged from 3 to 67
hyenas (Holekamp & Dloniak 2010), with the largest
clans occurring in the populations of highest density
(linear regression: r2= 0.717, P < 0.0001, Fig. 2A).


More importantly, spotted hyena leopard interactions are more likely to occur
in areas with denser populations of both species which tends to happen
when food is plentiful and clan size is large.
Edited by Red Dog, Sep 13 2012, 05:45 AM.
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1977marc
Heterotrophic Organism
[ *  *  * ]
This is what a Sabi Sands male leopard does with a hyena

Posted Image

This happened today at the Idube reserve.
More info will follow..

I still do not know which leopard did this but the resident males are:

Kashane, Maxabeni (young leopard but killed a hyena before),Dewane, Xinzele, Xindlevhana (know for maybe killing a giraffe),Mashiabanj.

Edited by 1977marc, Sep 13 2012, 06:13 AM.
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Kurtz
Kleptoparasite
[ *  *  *  *  *  * ]
In any case, no one has explained why the accounts between leopard and hyena, hyenas are seen at least as large as leopards large size (65 - over 70 kilograms), this remains a mystery
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Kurtz
Kleptoparasite
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Reddhole
Sep 13 2012, 05:44 AM
Kurtz
Sep 13 2012, 05:29 AM
And if the clan is 5 hyenas?
Well, that is on low end of clan size range:

Across 19 study populations in which all individ-
ual members were known for one or more clans, mean
clan size was 28.8 hyenas, but this ranged from 3 to 67
hyenas (Holekamp & Dloniak 2010), with the largest
clans occurring in the populations of highest density
(linear regression: r2= 0.717, P < 0.0001, Fig. 2A).


More importantly, spotted hyena leopard interactions are more likely to occur
in areas with denser populations of both species which tends to happen
when food is plentiful and clan size is large.
This is quite not very correct, an high density of hyenas should reduce the size and the number of leopards, so interacts would be like zambia, not like in kruger.
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